Abbreviations

All nonstandard abbreviations used in the text must be defined in a note appearing immediately after the first use of the abbreviation. Standard abbreviations require no definition and are listed below.

Standard Abbreviations

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: AIDS
adenosine 5’-mono-, di-, and triphosphates: AMP, ADP, ATP
adrenocorticotropin: ACTH
analysis of variance: ANOVA
bovine serum albumin: BSA
complementary DNA: cDNA
complementary RNA: cRNA
corticotropin-releasing hormone: CRH
3’,5’-cyclic AMP: cAMP
cytidine 5’-mono-, di-, and triphosphates: CMP, CDP, CTP
deoxyribonucleic acid: DNA
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium: DMEM
elecrophoretic mobility shift assay: EMSA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: ELISA
ethylenediamine tetra-acetate: EDTA
ethyleneglycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: EGTA
extracellularly regulated kinase: ERK
follicle-stimulating hormone: FSH
gonadotropin-releasing hormone: GnRH (LHRH)
growth hormone (somatotropin): GH
GH-releasing hormone: GHRH
guanosine 5’-mono-, di-, and triphosphates: GDP, GMP, GTP
GTP-binding protein: G protein
N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N’-2-ethane sulfonic acid: HEPES
high-performance liquid chromatography: HPLC
human immunodeficiency virus: HIV
5-hydroxy-indole-acetic acid: 5-HIAA
immunoglobulin: Ig
insulin-like growth factor: IGF
interleukin: IL (e.g., IL-1, IL-6)
intramuscular(-ly): im
intraperitoneal(-ly): ip
intravenous(-ly): iv
luteinizing hormone: LH
log of the odds: LOD
median effective concentration: EC₅₀
median effective dose: ED₅₀
median inhibitory concentration: IC₅₀
median lethal dose: LD₅₀
melanocyte-stimulating hormone: MSH
messenger RNA: mRNA
minimal essential medium: MEM
mitogen-activated protein kinase: MAPK
optical density: OD
parathyroid hormone: PTH
phosphate-buffered saline: PBS
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: PAGE
polymerase chain reaction: PCR
probability: P
PTH-related peptide: PTHrP
radioimmunoassay: RIA
reverse transcription-PCR: RT-PCR
ribonucleic acid: RNA
ribosomal RNA: rRNA
sex hormone-binding globulin: SHBG
sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE: SDS-PAGE
standard deviation: SD
standard error: SE
standard error of the mean: SEM
subcutaneous(-ly): sc
thyrotropin: TSH
thyroxine: T₄
3,5,3’-triiodothyronine: T₃
3,3,5’-triiodothyronine: rT₃
transfer RNA: tRNA
transforming growth factor: TGF
tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane: Tris
TSH-releasing factor: TRH
tumor necrosis factor: TNF
ultraviolet: UV
versus: vs.

Nomenclature of Steroids

1. Steroids should be named, wherever possible, according to the IUPAC-IUB 1971 Definitive Rules for Steroid Nomenclature (Pure and Applied Chem 31: 285, 1972).
2. Trivial names may be used but, with the exception of cholesterol, estrone, 17â-estradiol, estriol, aldosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 5á-­dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, androstenedione, pregnenolone, progesterone, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone, cortisone, cortisol, must be defined systematically in a single footnote. This footnote should also contain the definitions of all letter abbreviations.
3. Trivial names may be modified by prefixes indicating substituents (as in 17-hydroxyprogesterone for 17-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione), double bonds (as in 7-dehydrocholesterol for 5,7-cholestadien-3â-ol) and epimeric configurations of functional groups provided the locus of epimerization is indicated (as in 3-epiandrosterone for 3â-hydroxy-5á-androstan-17-one).

Nomenclature of Vitamin D Metabolites: Analogous and Structurally Related Compounds