The Endocrine Society:

Endocrinology & Metabolism News, May 2008
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 17a [Full Text] [PDF]  

Special Features:

Richard T. Kloos

APPROACH TO THE PATIENT:Approach to the Patient with a Positive Serum Thyroglobulin and a Negative Radioiodine Scan after Initial Therapy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1519-1525 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This article examines the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the "scan-negative, thyroglobulin-positive" thyroid cancer patient.

Lynnette K. Nieman, Beverly M. K. Biller, James W. Findling, John Newell-Price, Martin O. Savage, Paul M. Stewart, and Victor M. Montori

CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE:The Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1526-1540; first published March 11 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0125 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline offers advice regarding the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.

Abbas E. Kitabchi, Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Joseph N. Fisher, Mary Beth Murphy, and Frankie B. Stentz

EXTENSIVE CLINICAL EXPERIENCE:Thirty Years of Personal Experience in Hyperglycemic Crises: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1541-1552; first published February 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2577 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This paper summarizes the results of 30 years of prospective studies on the management and pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state.

Mohamed B. Elamin, M. Hassan Murad, Rebecca Mullan, Dana Erickson, Katherine Harris, Sarah Nadeem, Robert Ennis, Patricia J. Erwin, and Victor M. Montori

CLINICAL REVIEW:Accuracy of Diagnostic Tests for Cushing’s Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Metaanalyses
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1553-1562; first published March 11 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0139 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A meta-analysis examining the accuracy of common tests for diagnosing and differentiating among the causes of Cushing's syndrome finds commonly used tests relatively accurate in referral practices with populations enriched with actual Cushing's syndrome patients, while their performance in general clinical practice remains unclear.

Evangelia Charmandari, Tomoshige Kino, Takamasa Ichijo, and George P. Chrousos

REVIEW:Generalized Glucocorticoid Resistance: Clinical Aspects, Molecular Mechanisms, and Implications of a Rare Genetic Disorder
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1563-1572; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0040 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This review discusses the clinical aspects, molecular mechanisms, and implications of primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance.

Editorials:

Hartmut P.H. Neumann and Zoran Erlic

Maternal Transmission of Symptomatic Disease with SDHD Mutation: Fact or Fiction?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1573-1575 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Selma F. Witchel

Ontogeny of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Creative Approach
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1576-1578 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ricardo Azziz

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is a Family Affair
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1579-1581 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine Care:

Marc J. Berna, Bruno Annibale, Massimo Marignani, Tu Vinh Luong, Vito Corleto, Andrea Pace, Tetsuhide Ito, David Liewehr, David J. Venzon, Gianfranco Delle Fave, Cesare Bordi, and Robert T. Jensen

A Prospective Study of Gastric Carcinoids and Enterochromaffin-Like Cell Changes in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 and Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: Identification of Risk Factors
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1582-1591; first published February 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2279 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastric carcinoids and/ or advanced enterochromaffin-like-cell changes are frequent. Clinical/laboratory data and biopsy results can be used to identify a subgroup of these patients with this increased risk of developing gastric carcinoids, allowing for better surveillance.

John J. Peluso, Xiufang Liu, M. Melinda Saunders, Kevin P. Claffey, and Kathryn Phoenix

Regulation of Ovarian Cancer Cell Viability and Sensitivity to Cisplatin by Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-1
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1592-1599; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2771 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study demonstrates that ovarian cancers express progesterone receptor membrane component-1 (PGRMC1) and its activation promotes the survival of these cells and makes them more resistant to cisplatin. Thus, PGRMC1 may have application as a biomarker or therapeutic target.

Marina N. Nikiforova, George C. Tseng, David Steward, Donna Diorio, and Yuri E. Nikiforov

MicroRNA Expression Profiling of Thyroid Tumors: Biological Significance and Diagnostic Utility
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1600-1608; first published February 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2696 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study shows that a limited set of microRNAs can be used to detect thyroid cancer in surgical and pre-operative fine needle aspiration samples.

Pascal Pigny, Audrey Vincent, Catherine Cardot Bauters, Monelle Bertrand, Vincent Thomas de Montpreville, Michel Crepin, Nicole Porchet, and Philippe Caron

Paraganglioma after Maternal Transmission of a Succinate Dehydrogenase Gene Mutation
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1609-1615; first published January 22 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1989 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Genetic examination of a three generation family carrying a succinate dehydrogenase gene (SDHD) W43X mutation demonstrates that maternal transmission of SDHD-linked paraganglioma can occur. Thus, regardless of parental origin, children inheriting this mutation should be considered at risk of paraganglioma.

Karen E. Heath, Jesús Argente, Vicente Barrios, Jesús Pozo, Francisca Díaz-González, Gabriel A. Martos-Moreno, María Caimari, Ricardo Gracia, and Ángel Campos-Barros

Primary Acid-Labile Subunit Deficiency due to Recessive IGFALS Mutations Results in Postnatal Growth Deficit Associated with Low Circulating Insulin Growth Factor (IGF)-I, IGF Binding Protein-3 Levels, and Hyperinsulinemia
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1616-1624; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2678 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Molecular and clinical characterization of two novel insulin-like growth factor binding protein, acid labile subunit gene (IGFALS) mutations in three unrelated patients with postnatal growth deficit, low IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels, hyperinsulinemia, and no GH deficiency, reveals that these mutations could play a possible role in diagnosing patients with idiopathic IGF-1 deficiency.

Marilyn K. Glassberg, Sharon J. Elliot, Jason Fritz, Paola Catanuto, Mylene Potier, Roger Donahue, William Stetler-Stevenson, and Michael Karl

Activation of the Estrogen Receptor Contributes to the Progression of Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis via Matrix Metalloproteinase-Induced Cell Invasiveness
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1625-1633; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1283 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In vitro analysis of spindle-shaped lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells demonstrates that estrogen/estrogen receptor-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinases reduces their invasiveness, providing evidence for future therapy with the estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant and the matrix metalloproteinase inhibiting antibiotic doxycycline.

Jesper Karmisholt, Stig Andersen, and Peter Laurberg

Interval between Tests and Thyroxine Estimation Method Influence Outcome of Monitoring of Subclinical Hypothyroidism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1634-1640; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0101 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study demonstrates that the frequency of visits, method of free T4 estimate used and lower T4 reference limit used all influence the number of patients who will be categorized as subclinically hypothyroid after one year.

Misa Imaizumi, Kiyoto Ashizawa, Kazuo Neriishi, Masazumi Akahoshi, Eiji Nakashima, Toshiro Usa, Tan Tominaga, Ayumi Hida, Nobuko Sera, Midori Soda, Saeko Fujiwara, Michiko Yamada, Renju Maeda, Shigenobu Nagataki, and Katsumi Eguchi

Thyroid Diseases in Atomic Bomb Survivors Exposed in Utero
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1641-1648; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0042 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Analysis of middle-aged Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors did not find a statistically significant linear dose-response relationship between radiation exposure and either thyroid nodules or autoimmune thyroid diseases 55-58 years after the participants' in utero exposure. However, the risk estimate for solid thyroid nodules was similar for those exposed in utero and those exposed in childhood.

Roderick F. A. de Lind van Wijngaarden, Barto J. Otten, Dederieke A. M. Festen, Koen F. M. Joosten, Frank H. de Jong, Fred C. G. J. Sweep, and Anita C. S. Hokken-Koelega

High Prevalence of Central Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1649-1654; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2294 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Investigation of a patient group with Prader-Willi syndrome finds that 60% had central adrenal insufficiency, which may explain the high rate of sudden death in these patients.

Nea Kalleinen, Päivi Polo-Kantola, Kerttu Irjala, Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen, Tero Vahlberg, Arho Virkki, and Olli Polo

24-Hour Serum Levels of Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Cortisol in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: The Effect of Combined Estrogen and Progestin Treatment
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1655-1661; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2677 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Examination of 24-hour profiles of GH, prolactin, and cortisol in older postmenopausal women and middle-aged premenopausal women before and after estrogen-progestin treatment reveals that menopause is associated with decreased 24-hour levels of GH and prolactin, which were reversible with estrogen-progestin treatment. In contrast, cortisol levels were not affected by menopause or estrogen-progestin treatment. In middle-aged premenopausal women, the effects of estrogen-progestin therapy were limited to nighttime increases of prolactin and cortisol.

Sarah C. Kent, Carol L. Gnatuk, Allen R. Kunselman, Laurence M. Demers, Peter A. Lee, and Richard S. Legro

Hyperandrogenism and Hyperinsulinism in Children of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Controlled Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1662-1669; first published February 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1958 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A case-control study comparing children of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mothers to children of healthy mothers finds that hyperinsulinism may be a familial characteristic of PCOS children, appearing in the later stages of puberty. Additionally, urine LH levels were lower in PCOS girls and urine testosterone levels were higher in PCOS boys.

Bei Tao, Jian-Min Liu, Hong-Yan Zhao, Li-Hao Sun, Wei-Qing Wang, Xiao-Ying Li, and Guang Ning

Differences between Measurements of Bone Mineral Densities by Quantitative Ultrasound and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Type 2 Diabetic Postmenopausal Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1670-1675; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1760 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and quantitative ultrasound measurements of bone mass in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes show they have higher bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip and lower speed of sound at the radius, phalanx, and tibia. Quantitative ultrasound may provide more useful information in skeletal assessment of diabetes patients.

N. C. Harvey, M. K. Javaid, J. R. Poole, P. Taylor, S. M. Robinson, H. M. Inskip, K. M. Godfrey, C. Cooper, E. M. Dennison Southampton Women’s Survey Study Group

Paternal Skeletal Size Predicts Intrauterine Bone Mineral Accrual
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1676-1681; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0279 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning of neonates in 278 pregnancies reveals that independent of maternal factors, paternal skeletal size and density predicted intrauterine bone mineral accrual more strongly in female than male offspring. This raises questions about gender influence on intrauterine bone mineral accrual and implies that paternal inheritance as well as the environment should be considered in the etiology of osteoporotic fractures.

Manon Ceelen, Mirjam M. van Weissenbruch, Jan P. W. Vermeiden, Flora E. van Leeuwen, and Henriette A. Delemarre-van de Waal

Cardiometabolic Differences in Children Born After in Vitro Fertilization: Follow-Up Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1682-1688; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2432 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Analysis of cardiometabolic measures in children conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF) and children spontaneously conceived reveals that IVF children had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and higher fasting glucose levels that could not be explained by current risk indicators, early life factors, or parental characteristics. This suggests the existence of periconceptual exposure effects and emphasizing the need for continual postnatal monitoring of IVF children.

A. Kautzky-Willer, D. Bancher-Todesca, R. Weitgasser, T. Prikoszovich, H. Steiner, N. Shnawa, G. Schernthaner, R. Birnbacher, B. Schneider, Ch. Marth, M. Roden, and M. Lechleitner

The Impact of Risk Factors and More Stringent Diagnostic Criteria of Gestational Diabetes on Outcomes in Central European Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1689-1695; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2301 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study suggests that the criteria of the 4th International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes are more stringent than that of the World Health Organization since more large-for-gestational age neonates with hypoglycemia and mothers with impaired postpartum glucose metabolism were detected.

Dorte Glintborg, Marianne Andersen, Claus Hagen, Lene Heickendorff, and Anne Pernille Hermann

Association of Pioglitazone Treatment with Decreased Bone Mineral Density in Obese Premenopausal Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1696-1701; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2249 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In premenopausal patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, pioglitazone treatment decreases lumbar and hip bone mineral density as well as alkaline phosphate and PTH, pointing to potential adverse skeletal effects in a population that is otherwise relatively protected from bone mineral loss.

Jan L. Shifren, Nader Rifai, Sophie Desindes, Marilyn McIlwain, Gheorghe Doros, and Norman A. Mazer

A Comparison of the Short-Term Effects of Oral Conjugated Equine Estrogens Versus Transdermal Estradiol on C-Reactive Protein, Other Serum Markers of Inflammation, and Other Hepatic Proteins in Naturally Menopausal Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1702-1710; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2193 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In postmenopausal women receiving 12 weeks of oral conjugated equine estrogens or transdermal estradiol in a crossover design, conjugated estrogen treatment was associated with significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein; sex hormone binding, thyroxine-binding, and cortisol-binding globulins; and significantly lower levels of E-selectin and IGF-1.

N. Santoro, S. L. Crawford, W. L. Lasley, J. L. Luborsky, K. A. Matthews, D. McConnell, J. F. Randolph, Jr., E. B. Gold, G. A. Greendale, S. G. Korenman, L. Powell, M. F. Sowers, and G. Weiss

Factors Related to Declining Luteal Function in Women during the Menopausal Transition
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1711-1721; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2165 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A longitudinal study of women aged 44-56 years of age shows that anovulation without bleeding for greater than 50 days as well as a decrease in luteal progesterone excretion occurs during progression through the menopausal transition.

Hélène Duez, Benoît Lamarche, Kristine D. Uffelman, René Valéro, Linda Szeto, Simone Lemieux, Jeffrey S. Cohn, and Gary F. Lewis

Dissociation between the Insulin-Sensitizing Effect of Rosiglitazone and Its Effect on Hepatic and Intestinal Lipoprotein Production
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1722-1729; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2110 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of healthy men on rosiglitazone finds significant insulin sensitization, but increases in plasma triglyceride-rich lipoprotein due to increased production and decreased clearance of apolipoprotein-B48- containing and apolipoprotein-B100-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. This may explain the absence of triglyceride-lowering seen in individuals treated with rosiglitazone.

M. H. Samuels, K. G. Schuff, N. E. Carlson, P. Carello, and J. S. Janowsky

Health Status, Mood, and Cognition in Experimentally Induced Subclinical Thyrotoxicosis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1730-1736; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1957 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
L-thyroxine-treated hypothyroid patients deliberately rendered for subclinical thyrotoxicosis have minor decrements in general and physical health status but improvements in mood and motor learning, suggesting that thyroid hormone directly affects brain areas responsible for affect and motor function.

Georgina Stilwell, Peter J. Reynolds, Venkat Parameswaran, Leigh Blizzard, Timothy M. Greenaway, and John R. Burgess

The Influence of Gestational Stage on Urinary Iodine Excretion in Pregnancy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1737-1742; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1715 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of gestational changes of urinary iodine concentrations in Tasmania, a community with wellcharacterized mild iodine deficiency, reveals that current reference intervals for urinary iodine concentration, based on school-aged children, overestimated the adequacy of iodine nutrition during the first and early second trimester of pregnancy.

Giampiero I. Baroncelli, Abdullah Bereket, Mohamed El Kholy, Laura Audì, Yasar Cesur, Behzat Ozkan, Mona Rashad, Monica Fernández-Cancio, Yoseph Weisman, Giuseppe Saggese, and Ze'ev Hochberg

Rickets in the Middle East: Role of Environment and Genetic Predisposition
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1743-1750; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1413 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Prospective analysis of Turkish and Egyptian patients with and without rickets shows that in Turkey, most patients had vitamin D deficiency whereas in Egypt they had calcium insufficiency combined with vitamin D deficiency. Turkish patients also have a higher frequency of the F allele of the vitamin D receptor. In both patients and controls the BB genotype was associated with lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Genetics and environment must be taken into account when designing preventive measures and not simply applying European or American recommended daily intakes of calcium and vitamin D.

Yushu Li, Di Teng, Zhongyan Shan, Xiaochun Teng, Haixia Guan, Xiaohui Yu, Chenling Fan, Wei Chong, Fan Yang, Hong Dai, Xiaolan Gu, Yang Yu, Jinyuan Mao, Dong Zhao, Jia Li, Yanyan Chen, Rong Yang, Chenyang Li, and Weiping Teng

Antithyroperoxidase and Antithyroglobulin Antibodies in a Five-Year Follow-Up Survey of Populations with Different Iodine Intakes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1751-1757; first published February 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2368 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A population study of the mildly deficient in iodine regions of Panshan, Zhangwu, and Huanghua, finds that subjects who had circulating anti-thyroperoxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies at baseline developed hypothyroidism more frequently than seronegative subjects. Increased prevalence of both antibodies correlated with increased iodine intake, which is a risk factor for thyroid autoimmunity.

Jan Frystyk, Robert A. Ritzel, J. Maubach, Martin Büsing, Rainer Lück, Jürgen Klempnauer, Wolff Schmiegel, and Michael A. Nauck

Comparison of Pancreas-Transplanted Type 1 Diabetic Patients with Portal-Venous Versus Systemic-Venous Graft Drainage: Impact on Glucose Regulatory Hormones and the Growth Hormone/Insulin–Like Growth Factor-I Axis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1758-1766; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2350 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A comparison of patients after combined kidney and pancreas transplantation with portal drainage to patients with systematic drainage of the pancreas graft and non-diabetic controls finds that portal drainage raises IGF-1 and lowers GH secretion. This may explain why glucose regulation is maintained despite lower peripheral insulin levels compared to the latter two groups.

Anna M. G. Cali', Riccardo C. Bonadonna, Maddalena Trombetta, Ram Weiss, and Sonia Caprio

Metabolic Abnormalities Underlying the Different Prediabetic Phenotypes in Obese Adolescents
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1767-1773; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1722 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Examination of the prediabetic status of obese adolescents reveals that those with isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG) have alterations in glucose sensitivity of first phase insulin secretion and liver insulin sensitivity, whereas those with isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have a more severe degree of peripheral insulin resistance and reduction in first phase secretion. Those with IFG and IGT have profound insulin resistance and a new additional defect in second phase insulin secretion.

Peter Y. Liu, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Bradley D. Anawalt, Richard A. Anderson, William J. Bremner, Joerg Elliesen, Yi-Qun Gu, Wendy M. Kersemaekers, Robert. I. McLachlan, M. Cristina Meriggiola, Eberhard Nieschlag, Regine Sitruk-Ware, Kirsten Vogelsong, Xing-Hai Wang, Frederick C. W. Wu, Michael Zitzmann, David J. Handelsman, and Christina Wang

Determinants of the Rate and Extent of Spermatogenic Suppression during Hormonal Male Contraception: An Integrated Analysis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1774-1783; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2768 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In a study of Caucasian and Asian men, androgen-progestin administration can suppress sperm output in a time frame comparable to that achieved after vasectomy in most, but probably not all men. Younger men and those with lower serum testosterone or sperm concentration have slightly faster sperm suppression.

Junko Yorifuji, Tohru Yorifuji, Kenji Tachibana, Shizuyo Nagai, Masahiko Kawai, Toru Momoi, Hironori Nagasaka, Hiroshi Hatayama, and Tatsutoshi Nakahata

Craniotabes in Normal Newborns: The Earliest Sign of Subclinical Vitamin D Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1784-1788; first published February 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2254 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of normal neonates finds that craniotabes is associated with vitamin D deficiency in utero, with the deficiency lasting up until one month of age, especially when these children are breast-fed.

Elizabeth J. Samelson, Kerry E. Broe, Serkalem Demissie, Thomas J. Beck, David Karasik, Sekar Kathiresan, and Douglas P. Kiel

Increased Plasma Osteoprotegerin Concentrations Are Associated with Indices of Bone Strength of the Hip
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1789-1795; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2492 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study in postmenopausal women and men, aged 50-89 years, examining the association between osteoprotegerin and femoral neck bone density and geometry finds that osteoprotegerin concentration increased with bone density in women and with bone width and bending strength in men.

Jennifer S. Lee, Andrea Z. LaCroix, LieLing Wu, Jane A. Cauley, Rebecca D. Jackson, Charles Kooperberg, Meryl S. Leboff, John Robbins, Cora E. Lewis, Douglas C. Bauer, and Steven R. Cummings

Associations of Serum Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Sex Hormone Concentrations with Hip Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1796-1803; first published March 11 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2358 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In postmenopausal women who did not have a previous hip fracture and were not using estrogen or other bone-active therapies, high serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is associated with an increased risk of subsequent hip fracture, whereas high testosterone is associated with decreased risk. These factors are independent of each other and serum estradiol, which appears to have no association with hip fracture independent of SHBG or testosterone.

N. Binkley, D. Krueger, D. Gemar, and M. K. Drezner

Correlation among 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Assays
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1804-1808; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2340 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D analyses performed by several clinical laboratories yield similar results, with between-laboratory bias reduced through the use of a single calibrator. To ensure vitamin D adequacy, physicians should try to achieve levels greater than 30 ng/mL in their patients.

Paul A. Boepple, Frances J. Hayes, Andrew A. Dwyer, Taneli Raivio, Hang Lee, William F. Crowley, Jr, and Nelly Pitteloud

Relative Roles of Inhibin B and Sex Steroids in the Negative Feedback Regulation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Men across the Full Spectrum of Seminiferous Epithelium Function
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1809-1814; first published February 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2450 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Studies of normal men and male patients with varying degrees of seminiferous tubule function defined a negative feedback relationship between inhibin B and FSH. This was best described by a logarithmic model, with the acute biochemical castration resulting in the most dramatic increases in FSH in men with the lowest inhibin B levels.

Gerasimos E. Krassas, Kostas Tziomalos, Fotini Papadopoulou, Nikolaos Pontikides, and Petros Perros

Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Hyper- and Hypothyroidism: How Common and Should We Treat?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1815-1819; first published February 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2259 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Erectile dysfunction is common in males with thyroid dysfunction, with treatment restoring erectile function, usually within 6 months, after which another specific therapy may be indicated.

Sergio E. Recabarren, Rosita Smith, Rafael Rios, Manuel Maliqueo, Bárbara Echiburú, Ethel Codner, Fernando Cassorla, Pedro Rojas, and Teresa Sir-Petermann

Metabolic Profile in Sons of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1820-1826; first published January 29 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2256 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Sons of women with polycystic ovary syndrome exhibit higher body weight from early infancy. As they get older, they develop insulin resistance, which places them at risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Deborah S. Wachs, Mickey S. Coffler, Pamela J. Malcom, Shunichi Shimasaki, and R. Jeffrey Chang

Increased Androgen Response to Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Administration in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1827-1833; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2664 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In women with polycystic ovary syndrome serum, androgen levels increase following FSH stimulation. These androgen responses were associated with corresponding increases of circulating inhibin B, suggesting that excess ovarian androgen production in polycystic ovary syndrome is partially regulated by granulosa-theca cell interaction involving an intrafollicular paracrine mechanism.

Mathis Grossmann, Merlin C. Thomas, Sianna Panagiotopoulos, Ken Sharpe, Richard J. MacIsaac, Sophie Clarke, Jeffrey D. Zajac, and George Jerums

Low Testosterone Levels Are Common and Associated with Insulin Resistance in Men with Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1834-1840; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2177 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In men with diabetes, testosterone deficiency is common, regardless of the type. Furthermore, testosterone levels are partly influenced by insulin resistance, suggesting another possible avenue for therapeutic intervention.

Lourdes Ibáñez, Abel López-Bermejo, Marta Díaz, Maria Victoria Marcos, and Francis de Zegher

Metformin Treatment for Four Years to Reduce Total and Visceral Fat in Low Birth Weight Girls with Precocious Pubarche
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1841-1845; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0013 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In prepubertal, low birthweight girls with precocious pubarche, long-term metformin treatment appears to reduce total and visceral fat and to delay menarche without attenuating linear growth, thereby leading to increased adult height.

Naveed Sattar, Pauline Watt, Lynne Cherry, Shah Ebrahim, George Davey Smith, and Debbie A. Lawlor

BRIEF REPORT:High Molecular Weight Adiponectin Is Not Associated with Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Older Women: A Nested Prospective Case-Control Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1846-1849; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2603 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Despite associations between high molecular weight adiponectin and insulin resistance, this prospective case- control study does not confirm an inverse relationship between high molecular weight adiponectin and coronary heart disease events.

Tiziano Scalvini, Paola Rossana Martini, Alessandro Gambera, Regina Tardanico, Luciano Biasi, Francesco Scolari, Gina Gregorini, and Enrico Agabiti Rosei

BRIEF REPORT:Spermatogenic and Steroidogenic Impairment of the Testicle Characterizes the Hereditary Leucine-75-Proline Apolipoprotein A-I Amyloidosis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1850-1853; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1656 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study shows that testicular involvement frequently occurs in apolipoprotein A-I Leu75Pro amyloidosis, either after other organ damage or being as the first or sole manifestation of the disease. Specific clinical features include decline in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis from the third decade of life, infertility, subclinical or overt hypogonadism, and macro-orchidism.

Paul E. Sijens, Lars A. Rödiger, Linda C. Meiners, and Roelineke J. Lunsing

BRIEF REPORT:¹H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Monocarboxylate Transporter 8 Gene Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1854-1859; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2441 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in patients with monocarboxylate transporter 8 gene (MCT8) deficiency, a syndrome combining thyroid and neurological abnormalities, reveals deviant myelinization and generalized atrophy, with increased choline and myo-inositol levels and decreased Nacetyl aspartate. This suggests that different mutations in the MCT8 gene cause a spectrum of clinical dysmyelinization and magnetic resonance spectroscopy detectable changes in brain metabolism.

Miguel Debono, Lye-Quen Hon, Nigel Bax, Anthony Blakeborough, and John Newell-Price

BRIEF REPORT:Gluteal Nodules in Patients with Metastatic Midgut Carcinoid Disease Treated with Depot Somatostatin Analogs
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1860-1864; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0019 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This computed tomography study of patients with metastatic mid-gut carcinoid tumors finds when they are on depot somatostatin analogs, asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules can develop in the gluteal area, where they could be confused with metastatic disease. These nodules usually resolve over time.

Endocrine Research:

Daniel Kelberman, Sandra C. P. de Castro, Shuwen Huang, John A. Crolla, Rodger Palmer, John W. Gregory, David Taylor, Luciano Cavallo, Maria F. Faienza, Rita Fischetto, John C. Achermann, Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera, Karine Rizzoti, Robin Lovell-Badge, Iain C. A. F. Robinson, Dianne Gerrelli, and Mehul T. Dattani

SOX2 Plays a Critical Role in the Pituitary, Forebrain, and Eye during Human Embryonic Development
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1865-1873; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2337 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Patients with SOX2 mutations often manifest hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, with sparing of other pituitary hormones despite anterior pituitary hypoplasia. This in vitro study finds that failure to repress the Wnt-{beta}-catenin pathway could be one of the pathologic mechanisms associated with loss-of-function mutations in SOX2.

Karolina Kublickiene, Xiao-Dong Fu, Eimantas Svedas, Britt-Marie Landgren, Andrea R. Genazzani, and Tommaso Simoncini

Effects in Postmenopausal Women of Estradiol and Medroxyprogesterone Alone and Combined on Resistance Artery Function and Endothelial Morphology and Movement
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1874-1883; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2651 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study suggests that postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy with estrogens or in combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate may enhance the function of resistance arteries, which are implicated in the development of high blood pressure and other cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement may preserve the morphological integrity of endothelial cells by regulatory actions on the cytoskeleton.

Takahiko Kogai, Emi Ohashi, Megan S. Jacobs, Saima Sajid-Crockett, Myrna L. Fisher, Yoko Kanamoto, and Gregory A. Brent

Retinoic Acid Stimulation of the Sodium/Iodide Symporter in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Is Meditated by the Insulin Growth Factor-I/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1884-1892; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1627 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study demonstrates that the IGF-1 receptor/PI3K pathway mediates all-trans retinoic acid-stimulation of the sodium/iodide symporter gene (NIS) in MCF-7 breast cells but not FRTL-5 thyroid cells, establishing the key NIS-induction pathways that are targets for potential use of radioiodide therapy in differentiated breast cancers.

Ayad A. Jaffa, William R. Usinger, M. Brent McHenry, Miran A. Jaffa, Stuart R. Lipstiz, Daniel Lackland, Maria Lopes-Virella, Louis M. Luttrell, Peter W. F. Wilson the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study Group

Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Susceptibility to Renal and Vascular Disease Risk in Type 1 Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1893-1900; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2544 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In patients with type 1 diabetes, circulating levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and CTGF N fragment are risk factors for vascular and renal disease, in that increasing plasma CTGF N fragments are associated with higher arterial pressure, albuminuria, and greater carotid intima-media thickness.

R. Menassa, V. Tardy, F. Despert, C. Bouvattier-Morel, J. P. Brossier, M. Cartigny, and Y. Morel

p.H62L, a Rare Mutation of the CYP21 Gene Identified in Two Forms of 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1901-1908; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2701 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Phenotype and functional studies of patients with steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency harboring the p.H62L mutation of the CYP21A2 gene, finds this mild mutation to be responsible for a severe phenotype when associated with another mild mutation. This underlines the importance of complete CYP21A2 sequencing for accurate genotyping and genetic counseling.

Teemu Kalliokoski, Pirjo Nuutila, Kirsi A. Virtanen, Patricia Iozzo, Marco Bucci, Erkki Svedström, Anne Roivainen, Kjell Någren, Tapio Viljanen, Heikki Minn, Juhani Knuuti, Tapani Rönnemaa, and Olli Simell

Pancreatic Glucose Uptake in Vivo in Men with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1909-1914; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2533 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Combined computed tomography and positron emission tomography (CT/PET) shows that men newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes have higher glucose uptake to the pancreas than healthy male controls or patients with established disease, suggesting future use of this technology in early diagnosis.

You-Hong Cheng, Ping Yin, Qing Xue, Bertan Yilmaz, Marcia I. Dawson, and Serdar E. Bulun

Retinoic Acid (RA) Regulates 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Expression in Endometrium: Interaction of RA Receptors with Specificity Protein (SP) 1/SP3 for Estradiol Metabolism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1915-1923; first published February 12 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1536 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In endometrial epithelial cells, retinoic acid induction of 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD17B2) enzyme expression, via the formation of a multimeric complex of RARb/RXRb tethered to SP1 and SP3 transcription factors on the HSD17B2 promoter, may be an important mechanism for local estradiol inactivation in the endometrium.

Alena Stancáková, Jussi Pihlajamäki, Johanna Kuusisto, Norbert Stefan, Andreas Fritsche, Hans Häring, Francesco Andreozzi, Elena Succurro, Giorgio Sesti, Trine Welløv Boesgaard, Torben Hansen, Oluf Pedersen, Per Anders Jansson, Ann Hammarstedt, Ulf Smith, Markku Laakso for the EUGENE2 Consortium

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs7754840 of CDKAL1 Is Associated with Impaired Insulin Secretion in Nondiabetic Offspring of Type 2 Diabetic Subjects and in a Large Sample of Men with Normal Glucose Tolerance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1924-1930; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2218 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Two independent studies of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs7754840 of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit associated protein 1-like 1 gene (CDKAL1) find associations with impaired insulin secretion and with type 2 diabetes in Finnish men, respectively.

Amélie Cartier, Isabelle Lemieux, Natalie Alméras, Angelo Tremblay, Jean Bergeron, and Jean-Pierre Després

Visceral Obesity and Plasma Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis: Contributions of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor- in Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1931-1938; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2191 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Examination in men of the effects of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF{alpha})on visceral adiposity and plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis reveals that while IL-6 is associated with visceral adiposity, TNF{alpha} is associated with total body fatness. Therefore, TNF{alpha} may contribute to the insulin resistance associated with overall obesity, whereas IL-6 may be one mediator of the hyperinsulinemic state specifically related to excess visceral adiposity.

Nissar A. Shah, Heath J. Antoine, Marita Pall, Kent D. Taylor, Ricardo Azziz, and Mark O. Goodarzi

Association of Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Polymorphism and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1939-1945; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0038 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study suggests that in addition to excess androgen production, the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with the inheritance of androgen receptors with shorter polyglutamine tracts, suggesting that genetic differences in androgen sensitivity may contribute to the development of the syndrome.

J. W. Rich-Edwards, A. P. Mohllajee, K. Kleinman, M. R. Hacker, J. Majzoub, R. J. Wright, and M. W. Gillman

Elevated Midpregnancy Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Is Associated with Prenatal, But Not Postpartum, Maternal Depression
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1946-1951; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2535 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study in pregnant women finds that elevated placental CRH levels in mid-pregnancy are positively associated with increased risk of prenatal, not postnatal, depressive symptoms.

Changhai Ding, Venkat Parameswaran, Ray Udayan, John Burgess, and Graeme Jones

Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Markers Predict Change in Bone Mineral Density and Resorption in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1952-1958; first published February 19 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2325 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of bone mineral density in older men and women found that variation in the low levels of interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein predict bone loss and resorption. These findings suggest that targeted anti-inflammatory therapy may have the potential for the prevention of osteoporosis.

Raffaele Napoli, Bernadette Biondi, Vincenzo Guardasole, Carolina D'Anna, Antonietta De Sena, Concetta Pirozzi, Daniela Terracciano, Claudia Mazzarella, Margherita Matarazzo, and Luigi Saccà

Enhancement of Vascular Endothelial Function by Recombinant Human Thyrotropin
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1959-1963; first published March 11 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2797 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study shows that recombinant TSH increases vascular reactivity by enhancing endothelial-mediated vasodilation, independent of changes in thyroid hormone concentration. It suggests that augmented vascular risk associated with subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism is unlikely due to increased TSH levels. Furthermore, recombinant TSH-like molecules could enhance endothelial function in vascular disease states.

Juergen Drewe, Svetlana Mihailovic, Massimo D'Amato, and Christoph Beglinger

Regulation of Fat-Stimulated Neurotensin Secretion in Healthy Subjects
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1964-1970; first published February 26 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2238 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In healthy subjects, fat hydrolysis stimulates neurotensin secretion, either directly through long chain fatty acids or through long chain fatty acid activation of cholecystokinin, which act on cholecystokinin-1 receptors.

Karen E. Foster-Schubert, Joost Overduin, Catherine E. Prudom, Jianhua Liu, Holly S. Callahan, Bruce D. Gaylinn, Michael O. Thorner, and David E. Cummings

Acyl and Total Ghrelin Are Suppressed Strongly by Ingested Proteins, Weakly by Lipids, and Biphasically by Carbohydrates
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1971-1979; first published January 15 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2289 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study demonstrates that ingested lipids suppress ghrelin less effectively than carbohydrates or proteins. This might explain why high-protein/low-carbohydrate diets can cause weight loss while high-fat diets promote weight gain.

Jianhua Liu, Catherine E. Prudom, Ralf Nass, Suzan S. Pezzoli, Mary C. Oliveri, Michael L. Johnson, Paula Veldhuis, David A. Gordon, Andrew D. Howard, Derrick R. Witcher, H. Mario Geysen, Bruce D. Gaylinn, and Michael O. Thorner

Novel Ghrelin Assays Provide Evidence for Independent Regulation of Ghrelin Acylation and Secretion in Healthy Young Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1980-1987; first published March 18 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2235 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In healthy young men, meals suppress both ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin levels, whereas long-term fasting inhibits acylation but not total secretion. These findings suggest that acylation may be regulated independently of secretion by nutrient availability in the gut or by esterases which cleave the acyl group. Specific assays to measure these two types of ghrelin are warranted.

Ralf Nass, Leon S. Farhy, Jianhua Liu, Catherine E. Prudom, Michael L. Johnson, Paula Veldhuis, Suzan S. Pezzoli, Mary Clancy Oliveri, Bruce D. Gaylinn, H. Mario Geysen, and Michael O. Thorner

Evidence for Acyl-Ghrelin Modulation of Growth Hormone Release in the Fed State
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1988-1994; first published March 11 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2234 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In healthy young men in the fed state, GH pulse amplitudes are strongly correlated with previous acyl-ghrelin levels, whereas during long-term fasting acyl-ghrelin levels are suppressed and their correlation with GH is significantly reduced. These studies suggest that with normal food intake, endogenous acyl-ghrelin increases the amplitude of GH pulses.

Sergey Krapivner, Sergej Popov, Ekaterina Chernogubova, Mai-Lis Hellénius, Rachel M. Fisher, Anders Hamsten, and Ferdinand M. van't Hooft

Insulin-Induced Gene 2 Involvement in Human Adipocyte Metabolism and Body Weight Regulation
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1995-2001; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1850 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study shows that insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG-2) identifies a functional polymorphism associated with adipocyte metabolism and body weight regulation.

S. P. Moffett, J. I. Oakley, J. A. Cauley, L. Y. Lui, K. E. Ensrud, B. C. Taylor, T. A. Hillier, M. C. Hochberg, J. Li, S. Cayabyab, J. M. Lee, G. Peltz, S. R. Cummings, J. M. Zmuda Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group

Osteoprotegerin Lys3Asn Polymorphism and the Risk of Fracture in Older Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2002-2008; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1019 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A prospective study of older, postmenopausal women finds that the Asn3Asn genotype for the Lys3Asn polymorphism in the osteoprotegerin gene is significantly associated with both increased bone mineral density and increased risk of hip fracture, especially in the femoral neck region.

Ludmila N. Bakhireva, Gail A. Laughlin, Ricki Bettencourt, and Elizabeth Barrett-Connor

BRIEF REPORT:Does Osteoprotegerin or Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-B Ligand Mediate the Association between Bone and Coronary Artery Calcification?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2009-2012; first published March 4 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2624 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy finds that serum osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-{kappa}B ligand (RANKL) does not account for an inverse relationship between bone mineral density and coronary artery calcification.

Announcements and Resources:

Erratum
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2013 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine-Related Resources from the National Institutes of Health
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2014-2017 [Full Text] [PDF]  

National Hormone & Peptide Program (NHPP): New Recombinant Hormones, Hypothalamic Peptides, Natural Hormones, New Antisera, & Expanded Hormone Assay Services Available
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2018-2020 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:

James Findling, Lynnette Nieman, and Robert Vigersky

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:Patient Guide to the Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 [Full Text] [PDF]  

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