The Endocrine Society:

Endocrinology & Metabolism News
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 17a-18a [Full Text] [PDF]  

Special Features:

Marco Boscaro and Giorgio Arnaldi

APPROACH TO THE PATIENT:Approach to the Patient with Possible Cushing’s Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3121-3131 doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0612 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Establishing the cause of Cushing's syndrome]
Successful management of patients with Cushing’s syndrome depends on the accurate determination of its existence and precise underlying cause despite the many diagnostic pitfalls.

Wylie C. Hembree, Peggy Cohen-Kettenis, Henriette A. Delemarre-van de Waal, Louis J. Gooren, Walter J. Meyer, III, Norman P. Spack, Vin Tangpricha, and Victor M. Montori

CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE:Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Persons:An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3132-3154 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0345 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Endocrine treatment of transsexual persons should include suppression of endogenous sex hormones, physiologic levels of gender-appropriate sex hormones, and suppression of puberty in adolescents (Tanner stage 2).

Marenza Leo, Aldo Pinchera, and Claudio Marcocci

IMAGE IN ENDOCRINOLOGY:Orbital Lymphoma Masquerading as Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3155-3156 doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0669 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Matthew E. Bourcier, Amanda Sherrod, Margaret DiGuardo, and Aaron I. Vinik

CLINICAL CASE SEMINAR:Successful Control of Intractable Hypoglycemia Using Rapamycin in an 86-Year-Old Man with a Pancreatic Insulin-Secreting Islet Cell Tumor and Metastases
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3157-3162 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0788 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Insulinoma]
Rapamycin may abrogate tumor growth and control hypoglycemia in malignant insulinomas by reducing malignant β-cell growth and proliferation, as well as inhibiting insulin production.

Greet Van den Berghe, Miet Schetz, Dirk Vlasselaers, Greet Hermans, Alexander Wilmer, Roger Bouillon, and Dieter Mesotten

CLINICAL REVIEW:Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients: NICE-SUGAR or Leuven Blood Glucose Target?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3163-3170 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0663 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Glycemic control and intensive insulin therapy in critical illness]
The goal of intensive insulin therapy for critically ill patients is to control blood glucose levels asclose to normal as possible, without evoking unacceptable glucose fluctuations, hypoglycemia, or hypokalemia.

Ronald B. Goldberg

REVIEW:Cytokine and Cytokine-Like Inflammation Markers, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Imbalanced Coagulation in Development of Diabetes and Its Complications
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3171-3182 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2534 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This review summarizes the evidence that biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and coagulation aid in prediction of diabetes and its vascular complications.

Editorials:

B. C. J. M. Fauser and M. J. C. Eijkemans

EDITORIAL:Predicting Pregnancy in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3183-3184 doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1537 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Gerard S. Conway

EDITORIAL:Adult Care of Pediatric Conditions: Lessons from Turner’s Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3185-3187 doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1457 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Elizabeth N. Pearce

EDITORIAL:What Do We Know about Iodine Supplementation in Pregnancy?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3188-3190 doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1512 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine Care:

Kyriaki S. Alatzoglou, James P. Turton, Daniel Kelberman, Peter E. Clayton, Ameeta Mehta, Charles Buchanan, Simon Aylwin, Elisabeth C. Crowne, Henrik T. Christesen, Niels T. Hertel, Peter J. Trainer, Martin O. Savage, Jamal Raza, Kausik Banerjee, Sunil K. Sinha, Svetlana Ten, Talat Mushtaq, Raja Brauner, Timothy D. Cheetham, Peter C. Hindmarsh, Primus E. Mullis, and Mehul T. Dattani

Expanding the Spectrum of Mutations in GH1 and GHRHR: Genetic Screening in a Large Cohort of Patients with Congenital Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3191-3199 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2783 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Results suggest screening for mutations in GH1 and GHRHR in patients of certain ethnic backgrounds with severe growth failure and a positive family history.

Ambika Ashraf, Jessica Alvarez, Karen Saenz, Barbara Gower, Kenneth McCormick, and Frank Franklin

Threshold for Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency on Glucose Metabolism in Obese Female African-American Adolescents
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3200-3206 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0445 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The results suggest that 25(OH)D concentrations 15 ng/mL may be the threshold by which vitamin D deficiency confers negative effects on insulin sensitivity.

Iacopo Chiodini, Valentina Morelli, Benedetta Masserini, Antonio Stefano Salcuni, Cristina Eller-Vainicher, Raffaella Viti, Francesca Coletti, Giuseppe Guglielmi, Claudia Battista, Vincenzo Carnevale, Laura Iorio, Paolo Beck-Peccoz, Maura Arosio, Bruno Ambrosi, and Alfredo Scillitani

Bone Mineral Density, Prevalence of Vertebral Fractures, and Bone Quality in Patients with Adrenal Incidentalomas with and without Subclinical Hypercortisolism: An Italian Multicenter Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3207-3214 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0468 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Patients with adrenal incidentalomas and subclinical hypercortisolism have reduced bone mass and quality, and increased prevalence of vertebral fractures.

Richard Eastell, Dennis M. Black, Steven Boonen, Silvano Adami, Dieter Felsenberg, Kurt Lippuner, Steven R. Cummings, Pierre D. Delmas, Lisa Palermo, Peter Mesenbrink, Jane A. Cauley for the HORIZON Pivotal Fracture Trial

Effect of Once-Yearly Zoledronic Acid Five Milligrams on Fracture Risk and Change in Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3215-3225 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2765 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Bisphosphonates in the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women]
Zoledronic acid (5 mg) had similar effects on femoral neck bone mineral density, hip, and non-vertebral fracture independent of demographics and baseline risk factors for fracture.

Martin Brochu, Mircea Florin Malita, Virginie Messier, Éric Doucet, Irene Strychar, Jean-Marc Lavoie, Denis Prud'homme, and Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret

Resistance Training Does Not Contribute to Improving the Metabolic Profile after a 6-Month Weight Loss Program in Overweight and Obese Postmenopausal Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3226-3233 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2706 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Caloric restriction combined with resistance training is not associated with additional improvements in the metabolic profile, compared to caloric restriction alone.

Ines Velasco, Monica Carreira, Piedad Santiago, José Antonio Muela, Eduardo García-Fuentes, Baltasar Sánchez-Muñoz, Maria J. Garriga, Maria C. González-Fernández, Álvaro Rodríguez, Francisco F. Caballero, Alberto Machado, Stella González-Romero, Maria T. Anarte, and Federico Soriguer

Effect of Iodine Prophylaxis during Pregnancy on Neurocognitive Development of Children during the First Two Years of Life
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3234-3241 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2652 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Iodine deficiency disorders]
Dietary iodine supplements have a beneficial effect on the neurodevelopment of children.

Arlet V. Nedeltcheva, Lynn Kessler, Jacqueline Imperial, and Plamen D. Penev

Exposure to Recurrent Sleep Restriction in the Setting of High Caloric Intake and Physical Inactivity Results in Increased Insulin Resistance and Reduced Glucose Tolerance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3242-3250 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0483 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Combining the adverse metabolic effects of a Westernized lifestyle with recurrent sleep curtailment may facilitate the development of reduced glucose tolerance.

Amit Khera, Gloria L. Vega, Sandeep R. Das, Colby Ayers, Darren K. McGuire, Scott M. Grundy, and James A. de Lemos

Sex Differences in the Relationship between C-Reactive Protein and Body Fat
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3251-3258 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2406 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The quantity and distribution of body fat influence C-reactive protein to a greater extent in women compared with men.

Natalie D. Shaw, Serene S. Srouji, Stephanie N. Histed, Kristin E. McCurnin, and Janet E. Hall

Aging Attenuates the Pituitary Response to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3259-3264 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0526 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Studies using a hypothalamic clamp to isolate the pituitary from endogenous GnRH input in postmenopausal women demonstrate that the LH and FSH responses to GnRH are diminished with aging.

Kazushige Goto, Simon Doessing, Rie Harboe Nielsen, Allan Flyvbjerg, and Michael Kjaer

Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist Treatment Reduces Exercise Performance in Young Males
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3265-3272 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0407 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Growth hormone might be an important determinant of exercise capacity during prolonged exercise.

Lester M. Arguelles, Craig B. Langman, Adolfo J. Ariza, Farah N. Ali, Kimberley Dilley, Heather Price, Xin Liu, Shanchun Zhang, Xiumei Hong, Binyan Wang, Houxun Xing, Zhiping Li, Xue Liu, Wenbin Zhang, Xiping Xu, and Xiaobin Wang

Heritability and Environmental Factors Affecting Vitamin D Status in Rural Chinese Adolescent Twins
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3273-3281 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1532 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
25(OH)D level was influenced by gender, season, physical activity level, and student status; there appeared to be a strong genetic influence on 25(OH)D levels in males only.

Manuel Maliqueo, Teresa Sir-Petermann, Virginia Pérez, Bárbara Echiburú, Amanda Ladrón de Guevara, Carla Gálvez, Nicolás Crisosto, and Ricardo Azziz

Adrenal Function during Childhood and Puberty in Daughters of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3282-3288 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0427 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Daughters of women with PCOS exhibit increased dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate serum concentrations and biochemical evidence of an exacerbated adrenarche.

Vladimir K. Bakalov, Clara Cheng, Jian Zhou, and Carolyn A. Bondy

X-Chromosome Gene Dosage and the Risk of Diabetes in Turner Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3289-3296 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0384 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
In Turner syndrome, haploinsufficiency for unknown Xp chromosome genes increases the risk for diabetes, and excess dosage of Xq genes compounds that risk.

Burak Salgin, Maria L. Marcovecchio, Rachel M. Williams, Sarah J. Jackson, Leslie J. Bluck, Sandy M. Humphreys, Carlo L. Acerini, and David B. Dunger

Effects of Growth Hormone and Free Fatty Acids on Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3297-3305 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0378 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Growth hormone decreases insulin sensitivity through increases in free fatty acid levels.

Kendra A. Young, Corinne D. Engelman, Carl D. Langefeld, Kristen G. Hairston, Steven M. Haffner, Michael Bryer-Ash, and Jill M. Norris

Association of Plasma Vitamin D Levels with Adiposity in Hispanic and African Americans
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3306-3313 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0079 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Vitamin D levels are inversely associated with baseline body mass index, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue in Hispanic- and African-Americans, but are not associated with 5-year change in adiposity.

Tom D. Thacher, Michael O. Obadofin, Kimberly O. O'Brien, and Steven A. Abrams

The Effect of Vitamin D₂ and Vitamin D₃ on Intestinal Calcium Absorption in Nigerian Children with Rickets
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3314-3321 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0018 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Despite an equivalent increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D after vitamin D₂ or vitamin D₃, no augmentation of fractional absorption of calcium absorption occurs.

Marco Losa, Roberto Bianchi, Raffaella Barzaghi, Massimo Giovanelli, and Pietro Mortini

Persistent Adrenocorticotropin Response to Desmopressin in the Early Postoperative Period Predicts Recurrence of Cushing’s Disease
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3322-3328 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0844 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Persistent ACTH response to desmopressin after surgery is associated with the risk of recurrence of Cushing

Antonio Cittadini, Lavinia Saldamarco, Alberto Maria Marra, Michele Arcopinto, Guido Carlomagno, Massimo Imbriaco, Domenico Del Forno, Carlo Vigorito, Bartolomeo Merola, Ugo Oliviero, Serafino Fazio, and Luigi Saccà

Growth Hormone Deficiency in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Beneficial Effects of Its Correction
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3329-3336 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0533 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Epidemiology and etiology of osteoporosis in men]
GH deficiency is a common finding in chronic heart failure, and GH replacement therapy improves quality of life, exercise performance, left ventricular architecture, and function.

Erin S. LeBlanc, Carrie M. Nielson, Lynn M. Marshall, Jodi A. Lapidus, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Kristine E. Ensrud, Andrew R. Hoffman, Gail Laughlin, Claes Ohlsson, Eric S. Orwoll for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study Group

The Effects of Serum Testosterone, Estradiol, and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Levels on Fracture Risk in Older Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3337-3346 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0206 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The combination of a low bioavailable testosterone level, low estradiol level, and high sex hormone binding globulin level confers the highest risk of nonvertebral fracture in elderly men.

Donatella Capalbo, Andrea Lo Vecchio, Vincenzo Farina, Letizia Spinelli, Angela Palladino, Claudia Tiano, Teresa Lettiero, Gaetano Lombardi, Annamaria Colao, and Mariacarolina Salerno

Subtle Alterations of Cardiac Performance in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency: Results of a Two-Year Prospective, Case-Control Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3347-3355 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2639 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Children with GHD have impaired cardiac mass and mild alterations of myocardial contractility; GH therapy is able to reverse these abnormalities.

Sunil J. Wimalawansa, Julia P. Grimes, Alan C. Wilson, and Donald R. Hoover

Transdermal Nitroglycerin Therapy May Not Prevent Early Postmenopausal Bone Loss
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3356-3364 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2225 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
No substantial bone mineral density changes were observed between postmenopausal women receiving once-daily 22.5 mg of transdermal nitroglycerin, compared to calcium plus vitamin D (compliance adjusted dose = 16 mg/day).

María-José Barahona, Nuria Sucunza, Eugenia Resmini, José-Manuel Fernández-Real, Wifredo Ricart, José-María Moreno-Navarrete, Teresa Puig, Jordi Farrerons, and Susan M. Webb

Persistent Body Fat Mass and Inflammatory Marker Increases after Long-Term Cure of Cushing’s Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3365-3371 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0766 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Despite long-term cure, Cushing's syndrome determines persistent accumulation of central fat, an unfavorable adipokine profile, low-grade inflammation, and increased cardiovascular risk, as in active hypercortisolemia.

James Leu, Min-Hui Cui, Harry Shamoon, and Ilan Gabriely

Hypoglycemia-Associated Autonomic Failure Is Prevented by Opioid Receptor Blockade
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3372-3380 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0882 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Physiologic response to hypoglycemia in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus]
Opioid receptor blockade with naloxone during hypoglycemia prevents subsequent hypoglycemia associated autonomic failure in non-diabetic subjects.

G. Vannucchi, I. Campi, D. Covelli, D. Dazzi, N. Currò, S. Simonetta, R. Ratiglia, P. Beck-Peccoz, and M. Salvi

Graves’ Orbitopathy Activation after Radioactive Iodine Therapy with and without Steroid Prophylaxis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3381-3386 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0506 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Results describe the prevention of Graves’ orbitopathy activation after radioiodine with intravenous, but not oral, steroids.

Vicente Gilsanz, James Chalfant, Ashley O. Mo, David C. Lee, Frederick J. Dorey, and Steven D. Mittelman

Reciprocal Relations of Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat to Bone Structure and Strength
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3387-3393 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2422 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
While subcutaneous fat is beneficial to bone structure and strength, visceral fat serves as a unique pathogenic fat depot.

Hella Hultin, Per Hellman, Ewa Lundgren, Matts Olovsson, Anders Ekbom, Jonas Rastad, and Scott M. Montgomery

Association of Parathyroid Adenoma and Pregnancy with Preeclampsia
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3394-3399 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0012 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A history of parathyroid adenoma is associated with an increased risk for pre-eclampsia in subsequent pregnancies.

Frederic Castinetti, Mariko Nagai, Isabelle Morange, Henry Dufour, Philippe Caron, Philippe Chanson, Christine Cortet-Rudelli, Jean-Marc Kuhn, Bernard Conte-Devolx, Jean Regis, and Thierry Brue

Long-Term Results of Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Secretory Pituitary Adenomas
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3400-3407 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2772 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Long-term results of Gamma Knife radiosurgery draw attention to the possibility of late recurrence, late remission, and low risk of hypopituitarism.

Marie Devernay, Emmanuel Ecosse, Joël Coste, and Jean-Claude Carel

Determinants of Medical Care for Young Women with Turner Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3408-3413 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0495 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
This study finds adherence to recommended follow-up for young adult women with Turner syndrome is incomplete even when there is good access to care.

Christina Koutsari, Asem H. Ali, K. Sreekumaran Nair, Robert A. Rizza, Peter O'Brien, Sundeep Khosla, and Michael D. Jensen

Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Elderly: Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone and Testosterone Replacement in Hormonally Deficient Men and Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3414-3423 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0165 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
DHEA or testosterone treatment of hormone-deficient elderly does not normalize adipose tissue lipolysis, but testosterone restores a "youthful" meal fat storage pattern in elderly men.

T. Chevalley, J. P. Bonjour, S. Ferrari, and R. Rizzoli

The Influence of Pubertal Timing on Bone Mass Acquisition: A Predetermined Trajectory Detectable Five Years before Menarche
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3424-3431 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0241 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
In prepubertal girls who will experience later menarche, a deficit in areal bone mineral density is already observed before the onset of pubertal maturation, with no further accumulated deficit until peak bone mass compared to girls with earlier menarche.

Louise Frisén, Anna Nordenström, Henrik Falhammar, Helena Filipsson, Gundela Holmdahl, Per Olof Janson, Marja Thorén, Kerstin Hagenfeldt, Anders Möller, and Agneta Nordenskjöld

Gender Role Behavior, Sexuality, and Psychosocial Adaptation in Women with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to CYP21A2 Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3432-3439 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0636 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Gender-atypical behavior in Swedish women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia is correlated to their CYP21A2 genotype.

Cedric Moro, Jose E. Galgani, LanChi Luu, Magdalena Pasarica, Aline Mairal, Sudip Bajpeyi, Gerd Schmitz, Dominique Langin, Gerhard Liebisch, and Steven R. Smith

Influence of Gender, Obesity, and Muscle Lipase Activity on Intramyocellular Lipids in Sedentary Individuals
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3440-3447 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0053 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Intramyocellular diacylglycerol content predicts insulin resistance, and is associated with skeletal muscle lipases activity, but not with markers of adiposity in sedentary individuals.

Mei Mei, Dajun Deng, Tong-Hua Liu, Xin-Ting Sang, Xin Lu, Hong-Ding Xiang, Jing Zhou, HaiYan Wu, YingMai Yang, Jie Chen, Chong-Mei Lu, and Yuan-Jia Chen

Clinical Implications of Microsatellite Instability and MLH1 Gene Inactivation in Sporadic Insulinomas
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3448-3457 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0173 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Detecting of a high rate of microsatellite instability can be used to distinguish malignancy from benign, and predict clinical outcome of the sporadic insulinomas.

Mary E. Rausch, Richard S. Legro, Huiman X. Barnhart, William D. Schlaff, Bruce R. Carr, Michael P. Diamond, Sandra A. Carson, Michael P. Steinkampf, Peter G. McGovern, Nicholas A. Cataldo, Gabriella G. Gosman, John E. Nestler, Linda C. Giudice, Phyllis C. Leppert, Evan R. Myers, Christos Coutifaris for the Reproductive Medicine Network

Predictors of Pregnancy in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3458-3466 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0545 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults]
The probability of a live birth after ovulation induction in PCOS women can be estimated based on their age, body mass index, hirsutism, and duration of attempted conception.

Bertrand Isidor, Carmen Capito, Françoise Paris, Sabine Baron, Nadège Corradini, Blandine Cabaret, Marc-David Leclair, Mathilde Giraud, Dominique Martin-Coignard, Albert David, Charles Sultan, and Cédric Le Caignec

BRIEF REPORT:Familial Frameshift SRY Mutation Inherited from a Mosaic Father with Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3467-3471 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0226 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A fertile man is described with hypospadias, cryptorchidism, testicular seminoma, and oligoasthenozoospermia, and a mosaic SRY mutation.

Anna Frigo, Angela Dardano, Elisa Danese, Maria Vittoria Davì, Paolo Moghetti, Chiara Colato, Giuseppe Francia, Franca Bernardi, Claudio Traino, Fabio Monzani, and Marco Ferdeghini

BRIEF REPORT:Chromosome Translocation Frequency after Radioiodine Thyroid Remnant Ablation: A Comparison between Recombinant Human Thyrotropin Stimulation and Prolonged Levothyroxine Withdrawal
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3472-3476 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2830 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Recombinant human TSH-aided thyroid remnant ablation reduces extrathyroidal exposure and potential risk of chromosomal aberration associated with blood irradiation.

Sinead M. Bryan, John W. Honour, and Peter C. Hindmarsh

BRIEF REPORT:Management of Altered Hydrocortisone Pharmacokinetics in a Boy with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Using a Continuous Subcutaneous Hydrocortisone Infusion
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3477-3480 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0630 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
A boy is described with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and altered hydrocortisone pharmacokinetics managed by continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion.

Fernanda C. Soardi, Junia Y. Penachioni, Giselle Z. Justo, Tânia A. S. S. Bachega, Marlene Inácio, Berenice B. Mendonça, Margaret de Castro, and Maricilda P. de Mello

BRIEF REPORT:Novel Mutations in CYP11B1 Gene Leading to 11β-Hydroxylase Deficiency in Brazilian Patients
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3481-3485 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2521 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Mutations are described that abolish normal CYP11B1 enzyme activity, leading to severe phenotype of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency.

Endocrine Research:

W. Edward Visser, Karen A. Heemstra, Sigrid M. A. Swagemakers, Zeliha Özgür, Eleonora P. Corssmit, Jacobus Burggraaf, Wilfred F. J. van Ijcken, Peter J. van der Spek, Johannes W. A. Smit, and Theo J. Visser

Physiological Thyroid Hormone Levels Regulate Numerous Skeletal Muscle Transcripts
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3487-3496 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0782 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Skeletal muscle has a major contribution to the metabolic rate in humans; data demonstrate that skeletal muscle transcriptome is largely changed in different thyroid states.

Shanchun Zhang, Xin Liu, Wendy J. Brickman, Katherine Kaufer Christoffel, Donald Zimmerman, Hui-Ju Tsai, Guoying Wang, Binyan Wang, Zhiping Li, Gengfu Tang, Xue Liu, Jianhua Yang, Xiping Xu, and Xiaobin Wang

Association of Plasma Leptin Concentrations with Adiposity Measurements in Rural Chinese Adolescents
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3497-3504 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1060 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Leptin levels were strongly associated with percentage body fat and fat mass index, and shared genetic factors contributed largely to the phenotypic correlation between leptin and adiposity measures.

Victor M. Victor, Milagros Rocha, Celia Bañuls, Maria Sanchez-Serrano, Eva Sola, Marcelino Gomez, and Antonio Hernandez-Mijares

Mitochondrial Complex I Impairment in Leukocytes from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients with Insulin Resistance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3505-3512 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0466 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
There is an association between insulin resistance and an impaired mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in PCOS, which takes place at mitochondrial complex I.

Kathleen M. Gavin, Douglas R. Seals, Annemarie E. Silver, and Kerrie L. Moreau

Vascular Endothelial Estrogen Receptor Is Modulated by Estrogen Status and Related to Endothelial Function and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Healthy Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3513-3520 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0278 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
ER expression in vascular endothelial cells is modulated by estrogen status and may be a key determinant of vascular endothelial function in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women.

Jussi Pihlajamäki, Tanner Boes, Eun-Young Kim, Farrell Dearie, Brian W. Kim, Joshua Schroeder, Edward Mun, Imad Nasser, Peter J. Park, Antonio C. Bianco, Allison B. Goldfine, and Mary Elizabeth Patti

Thyroid Hormone-Related Regulation of Gene Expression in Human Fatty Liver
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3521-3529 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0212 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Impaired thyroid hormone action may contribute to altered patterns of gene expression in humans with obesity and fatty liver.

Juan J. Chillarón, Alberto Goday, Juana A. Flores-Le-Roux, David Benaiges, María J. Carrera, Jaume Puig, Juan F. Cano-Pérez, and Juan Pedro-Botet

Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate in Assessment of the Metabolic Syndrome and Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3530-3534 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0960 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Estimated glucose disposal rate, as an insulin resistance marker, provides more useful information than other classical variables such as insulin requirements.

Charles A. Stuart, Mary E. A. Howell, Yi Zhang, and Deling Yin

Insulin-Stimulated Translocation of Glucose Transporter (GLUT) 12 Parallels That of GLUT4 in Normal Muscle
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3535-3542 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0162 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Insulin induces sequestered GLUT12 to move to the muscle cell surface.

Zhenqi Liu, Jia Liu, Linda A. Jahn, Dale E. Fowler, and Eugene J. Barrett

Infusing Lipid Raises Plasma Free Fatty Acids and Induces Insulin Resistance in Muscle Microvasculature
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3543-3549 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0027 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Meal feeding and hyperinsulinemia each increase muscle microvascular perfusion, which is blocked by acute elevation of plasma levels of free fatty acids in healthy humans.

Alain Veilleux, Caroline Rhéaume, Marleen Daris, Van Luu-The, and André Tchernof

Omental Adipose Tissue Type 1 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Oxoreductase Activity, Body Fat Distribution, and Metabolic Alterations in Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3550-3557 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2011 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Women with elevated 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 activity in omental compared to subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue are characterized by excess visceral fat accumulation and concomitant metabolic alterations.

Dimitra A. Vassiliadi, Thomas M. Barber, Beverly A. Hughes, Mark I. McCarthy, John A. H. Wass, Stephen Franks, Peter Nightingale, Jeremy W. Tomlinson, Wiebke Arlt, and Paul M. Stewart

Increased 5-Reductase Activity and Adrenocortical Drive in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3558-3566 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0837 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
PCOS is associated with enhanced adrenocortical activity and increased 5-reductase activity that are tightly linked to the metabolic abnormalities frequently seen in PCOS.

H.-C. Mun, S. C. Brennan, L. Delbridge, M. Wilkinson, E. M. Brown, and A. D. Conigrave

Adenomatous Human Parathyroid Cells Exhibit Impaired Sensitivity to L-Amino Acids
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3567-3574 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2714 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Impaired L-amino acid sensing by calcium-sensing receptors in adenomatous parathyroid cells contributes to the loss of feedback control of PTH secretion in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Pi-Hua Liu, Yi-Cheng Chang, Yi-Der Jiang, Wei J. Chen, Tien-Jyun Chang, Shan-Shan Kuo, Kuan-Ching Lee, Po-Chang Hsiao, Ken C. Chiu, and Lee-Ming Chuang

Genetic Variants of TCF7L2 Are Associated with Insulin Resistance and Related Metabolic Phenotypes in Taiwanese Adolescents and Caucasian Young Adults
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3575-3582 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0609 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
These data support TCF7L2’s important role in insulin resistance, which leads to increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and provides evidence showing that different variants of the same gene confer the risk of T2D through different mechanisms.

Sonia Fernández-Veledo, Rocio Vila-Bedmar, Iria Nieto-Vazquez, and Margarita Lorenzo

c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 1/2 Activation by Tumor Necrosis Factor- Induces Insulin Resistance In Human Visceral But Not Subcutaneous Adipocytes: Reversal by Liver X Receptor Agonists
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3583-3593 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0558 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
TNF- activates JNK1/2 and induces insulin resistance on glucose uptake in human visceral, but not in subcutaneous, adipocytes, suggesting depot-specific effects of TNF-.

Constantinos Christodoulides, Pamela Dyson, Dennis Sprecher, Kostas Tsintzas, and Fredrik Karpe

Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Is Induced by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists But Not Ketosis in Man
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3594-3601 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0111 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
FGF21 is not critical in regulating the fasting response or ketosis, but its serum level rises in response to PPAR and PPAR agonist treatment.

María Gabriela Ropelato, María Cecilia García Rudaz, María Eugenia Escobar, Sonia Viviana Bengolea, María Luján Calcagno, Johannes D. Veldhuis, and Marta Barontini

Acute Effects of Testosterone Infusion on the Serum Luteinizing Hormone Profile in Eumenorrheic and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Adolescents
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3602-3610 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0402 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
PCOS adolescents have impaired suppression of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion under high dose of testosterone infused overnight, which is consistent with reduced pituitary sensitivity to androgen. negative feedback.

Harold S. Sacks, John N. Fain, Ben Holman, Paramjeet Cheema, Aron Chary, Frank Parks, James Karas, Robert Optican, Suleiman W. Bahouth, Edward Garrett, Rodney Y. Wolf, Russell A. Carter, Todd Robbins, David Wolford, and Joseph Samaha

BRIEF REPORT:Uncoupling Protein-1 and Related Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Human Epicardial and Other Adipose Tissues: Epicardial Fat Functioning as Brown Fat
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3611-3615 , doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0571 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Since uncoupling protein-1 is highly expressed in epicardial fat compared to other fat depots, epicardial fat might function like brown fat, defending the heart against hypothermia.

Translational Highlights from Endocrinology:

Jonathan German, Francis Kim, Gary J. Schwartz, Peter J. Havel, Christopher J. Rhodes, Michael W. Schwartz, and Gregory J. Morton

Abstracts:Hypothalamic Leptin Signaling Regulates Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity via a Neurocircuit Involving the Vagus Nerve
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3616 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Claudia Unfried, Nariman Ansari, Shinobu Yasuo, Horst-Werner Korf, and Charlotte von Gall

Abstracts:Impact of Melatonin and Molecular Clockwork Components on the Expression of Thyrotropin Beta Chain (Tshb) and the Tsh Receptor in the Mouse Pars Tuberalis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3616-a [Full Text] [PDF]  

Curt Balch, Fang Fang, Daniela E. Matei, Tim H.-M. Huang, and Kenneth P. Nephew

Abstracts:Minireview: Epigenetic Changes in Ovarian Cancer
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3617 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Translational Highlights from Molecular Endocrinology:

Qiang Wang, Ann M. Ratchford, Maggie M.-Y. Chi, Erica Schoeller, Antonina Frolova, Tim Schedl, and Kelle H. Moley

Abstracts:Maternal Diabetes Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Meiotic Defects in Murine Oocytes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3618 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Song Ling Poon, Gareth T. Hammond, and Peter C. K. Leung

Abstracts:Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced GnRH-II Synthesis Contributes to Ovarian Cancer Cell Invasion
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3618-a [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jannick Pétremand, Natasa Bulat, Anne-Christine Butty, Carine Poussin, Sabine Rütti, Karin Au, Sujoy Ghosh, Vincent Mooser, Bernard Thorens, Jiang-Yan Yang, Christian Widmann, and Gérard Waeber

Abstracts:Involvement of 4E-BP1 in the Protection Induced by HDLs on Pancreatic β-Cells
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3619 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Announcements and Resources:

The Power of Programming: International Conference on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3156 [Full Text] [PDF]  

The 14th International Thyroid Congress
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3187 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Erratum
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94: 3620 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:

Shalender Bhasin, Joshua Safer, and Vin Tangpricha

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:Patient Guide to the Endocrine Treatment of Transsexual Persons
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 94 [Full Text] [PDF]  

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