The Endocrine Society:

Endocrinology & Metabolism News
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 17a-18a [Full Text] [PDF]  

Special Features:

Daniel H. Bessesen

UPDATE:Update on Obesity
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2027-2034 doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0520 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The latest epidemiological developments, research, and treatments related to obesity are discussed in this review.

Lisa Nachtigall, Adriano Delgado, Brooke Swearingen, Hang Lee, Rahfa Zerikly, and Anne Klibanski

EXTENSIVE CLINICAL EXPERIENCE:Changing Patterns in Diagnosis and Therapy of Acromegaly over Two Decades
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2035-2041 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2149 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A retrospective study of 100 patients with acromegaly finds that primary care physicians most often initiated the evaluation that led to diagnosis of the disease (44%), that brain magnetic resonance imaging may contribute to a shortened time interval to diagnosis, and that use of radiation therapy has been replaced by new pharmacological therapies.

Sadeka Shahani, Milena Braga-Basaria, and Shehzad Basaria

REVIEW:Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer and Metabolic Risk for Atherosclerosis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2042-2049 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2595 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The metabolic complications of insulin resistance, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, and their contribution to cardiovascular mortality in men with prostate cancer receiving androgen-deprivation therapy are reviewed.

Endocrine Care:

Adda Grimberg, Elizabeth Stewart, and Michael P. Wajnrajch

Gender of Pediatric Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Recipients in the United States and Globally
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2050-2056 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2617 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A database review finds that nearly twice as many boys than girls were treated with recombinant human GH in the U.S. and Asia (mostly Japan), but that the gender differences were smaller in other countries.

Marcus Quinkler, Stefanie Hahner, Sebastian Wortmann, Sarah Johanssen, Patrick Adam, Christian Ritte, Christian Strasburger, Bruno Allolio, and Martin Fassnacht

Treatment of Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma with Erlotinib plus Gemcitabine
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2057-2062 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2564 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Salvage chemotherapy using erlotinib plus gemcitabine has minimal if any activity in patients with advanced adrenocortical carcinoma.

Catherine Beauregard, Andrea L. Utz, Amber E. Schaub, Lisa Nachtigall, Beverly M. K. Biller, Karen K. Miller, and Anne Klibanski

Growth Hormone Decreases Visceral Fat and Improves Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Women with Hypopituitarism: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2063-2071 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2371 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A 6-month, randomized, placebo-controlled study of hypopituitary women demonstrates that GH administration results in improvements in both cardiovascular risk markers, including high sensitivity C-reactive protein and high-density lipoprotein, and body composition parameters, including visceral fat mass.

Tamara Hew-Butler, Esme Jordaan, Kristin J. Stuempfle, Dale B. Speedy, Arthur J. Siegel, Timothy D. Noakes, Steven J. Soldin, and Joseph G. Verbalis

Osmotic and Nonosmotic Regulation of Arginine Vasopressin during Prolonged Endurance Exercise
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2072-2078 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2336 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This study documents non-osmotic AVP secretion in runners participating in a 56-km foot race. The likely non-osmotic stimulus is due to significant plasma volume contraction combined with the possible influence of other endocrine factors such as oxytocin, brain natriuretic peptide, and corticosterone.

Lourdes Ibáñez, Abel Lopez-Bermejo, Larisa Suárez, Maria Victoria Marcos, Marta Díaz, and Francis de Zegher

Visceral Adiposity without Overweight in Children Born Small for Gestational Age
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2079-2083 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2850 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A case- control study measuring obesity in 6-year-old children born small-for-gestational age found that although these children had a total fat mass comparable to normal children, they had higher fasting insulin and IGF-I levels, lower high-molecular-weight adiponectin, and greater visceral than subcutaneous fat. These findings suggest that measures beyond weight control may be needed to normalize body composition and metabolism in these children.

J. L. Wémeau, M. Pigeyre, E. Proust-Lemoine, M. d'Herbomez, F. Gottrand, J. Jansen, T. J. Visser, and M. Ladsous

Beneficial Effects of Propylthiouracil plus L-Thyroxine Treatment in a Patient with a Mutation in MCT8
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2084-2088 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2719 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Examination of a 16-year-old boy with Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome found that propylthiouracil and L-thyroxine treatment improved his tachycardia and serum SHBG and promoted needed weight gain. There was no effect on his psychomotor retardation.

Mark A. Lawson, Sonia Jain, Shelly Sun, Ketan Patel, Pamela J. Malcolm, and R. Jeffrey Chang

Evidence for Insulin Suppression of Baseline Luteinizing Hormone in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Normal Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2089-2096 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2656 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, pituitary LH secretion and responsiveness to GnRH were suppressed by insulin infusion whereas in normal women LH release was not altered by insulin. In normal women, serum insulin was negatively correlated with mean LH levels.

Barbara A. Frempong, Madia Ricks, Sabyasachi Sen, and Anne E. Sumner

Effect of Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives on Metabolic Risk Factors in African-American Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2097-2103 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2599 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Non-obese African-American women taking low-dose oral contraceptive pills have lower glucose tolerance and higher fasting triglyceride levels.

K. Wustmann, J. P. Kucera, A. Zanchi, A. Burow, T. Stuber, B. Chappuis, P. Diem, and E. Delacrétaz

Activation of Electrical Triggers of Atrial Fibrillation in Hyperthyroidism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2104-2108 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0092 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Increased supraventricular ectopic activity is seen in hyperthyroid patients with normal hearts, a possible cause of later atrial fibrillation.

Nicole Wooten, Vladimir K. Bakalov, Suvimol Hill, and Carolyn A. Bondy

Reduced Abdominal Adiposity and Improved Glucose Tolerance in Growth Hormone-Treated Girls with Turner Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2109-2114 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2266 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Girls with Turner syndrome treated with GH have significantly lower abdominal adiposity and greater glucose tolerance than untreated girls with the disease, implying that beneficial GH therapy effects on body composition and regional fat deposition outweigh its transient insulin antagonism.

Taro Maruyama, Shoichiro Tanaka, Akira Shimada, Osamu Funae, Akira Kasuga, Azuma Kanatsuka, Izumi Takei, Satoru Yamada, Norikazu Harii, Hiroki Shimura, and Tetsuro Kobayashi

Insulin Intervention in Slowly Progressive Insulin-Dependent (Type 1) Diabetes Mellitus
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2115-2121 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2267 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This prospective study finds that insulin rather than sulfonylurea treatment is preferable to reverse or preserve beta-cell function among patients with slowly progressive insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus.

Claudio Maffeis, Riccardo Manfredi, Maddalena Trombetta, Silvia Sordelli, Monica Storti, Teresa Benuzzi, and Riccardo C. Bonadonna

Insulin Sensitivity Is Correlated with Subcutaneous but Not Visceral Body Fat in Overweight and Obese Prepubertal Children
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2122-2128 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2089 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In overweight and moderately obese prepubertal children, insulin sensitivity was inversely associated with subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and liver fat content. Contrary to adults, intra-abdominal adipose tissue, muscle fat content, and inflammation markers could not be shown to play independent significant roles inhibiting insulin sensitivity.

J. van Disseldorp, M. J. Faddy, A. P. N. Themmen, F. H. de Jong, P. H. M. Peeters, Y. T. van der Schouw, and F. J. M. Broekmans

Relationship of Serum Antimüllerian Hormone Concentration to Age at Menopause
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2129-2134 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2093 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This study shows a model linking anti-Mullerian hormone levels of fertile volunteers and the distribution of menopausal age in a similar population. The concordance between an anti-Mullerian hormone-based predictive distribution of age at menopause and the observed distribution of age at menopause suggests that this hormone defines a woman's reproductive and menopausal age more realistically than chronological age alone.

Andre B. Araujo, Thomas G. Travison, Benjamin Z. Leder, and John B. McKinlay

Correlations between Serum Testosterone, Estradiol, and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Bone Mineral Density in a Diverse Sample of Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2135-2141 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1469 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In racially and ethnically diverse men between 30 and 79 years of age, bone mineral density is significantly correlated with estradiol levels, but not testosterone levels. Racial and ethnic differences in estradiol do not account for observed racial and ethnic differences in bone mineral density.

Janet K. Snell-Bergeon, Dana Dabelea, Lorraine G. Ogden, John E. Hokanson, Gregory L. Kinney, James Ehrlich, and Marian Rewers

Reproductive History and Hormonal Birth Control Use Are Associated with Coronary Calcium Progression in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2142-2148 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2025 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Women with type 1 diabetes report more menstrual dysfunction and have more coronary artery calcium, a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, than women without diabetes. Hormonal birth control use was associated with reduced coronary artery calcium progression in all women, and irregular menstrual cycles were associated with increased risk of coronary artery calcium progression in women with type 1 diabetes.

Henry G. Bone, Michael A. Bolognese, Chui Kin Yuen, David L. Kendler, Huei Wang, Yu Liu, and Javier San Martin

Effects of Denosumab on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2149-2157 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2814 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In early and later postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density, treatment with denosumab 60 mg, administered subcutaneously twice-yearly, increased bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, femoral, 1/3 radius, and total body measurement sites, and decreased biochemical markers of bone turnover.

Barbara Sternfeld, Kiang Liu, Charles P. Quesenberry, Jr., Hua Wang, Sheng-Fang Jiang, Martha Daviglus, Myriam Fornage, Cora E. Lewis, John Mahan, Pamela J. Schreiner, Stephen M. Schwartz, Stephen Sidney, O. Dale Williams, and David S. Siscovick

Changes over 14 Years in Androgenicity and Body Mass Index in a Biracial Cohort of Reproductive-Age Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2158-2165 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2203 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A 14-year longitudinal study of 969 white and black women ages 18-30 finds that increases in body mass index and waist circumference are closely related to increasing adrogenicity and concurrent decreases in SHBG over time.

Dennis M. Black, Mary L. Bouxsein, Lisa Palermo, Joan A. McGowan, David C. Newitt, Eyal Rosen, Sharmila Majumdar, Clifford J. Rosen for the PTH Once-Weekly Research (POWR) Group

Randomized Trial of Once-Weekly Parathyroid Hormone (1-84) on Bone Mineral Density and Remodeling
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2166-2172 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2781 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, once-weekly administration of PTH after one month of daily treatment increases spine bone mass density, radial trabecular bone, and bone formation markers, suggesting that less frequent alternatives to daily PTH dosing for two years could be equally effective in preventing bone loss.

Kevin Cheung, Sanziana A. Roman, Tracy S. Wang, Hugh D. Walker, and Julie Ann Sosa

Calcitonin Measurement in the Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules in the United States: A Cost-Effectiveness and Decision Analysis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2173-2180 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2496 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A cost-effectiveness analysis of routine calcitonin screening in U.S. adult patients with thyroid nodules finds the procedure to be comparable to other widely used screening programs, particularly among certain subsets of patients.

Dennis T. Villareal, Krupa Shah, Marian R. Banks, David R. Sinacore, and Samuel Klein

Effect of Weight Loss and Exercise Therapy on Bone Metabolism and Mass in Obese Older Adults: A One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2181-2187 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1473 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A 1-year randomized controlled trial in frail, obese, older adults finds that weight loss combined with a multi-component exercise is associated with bone loss at the hip and bone turnover increase. It is not known whether the beneficial effects of weight loss and exercise on physical function lower the overall risk of falls and fractures, despite the decline in hip bone mineral density.

Dan V. Mihailescu and Arthur B. Schneider

Size, Number, and Distribution of Thyroid Nodules and the Risk of Malignancy in Radiation-Exposed Patients Who Underwent Surgery
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2188-2193 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0055 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In radiation-exposed patients, the likelihood that a nodule is malignant is independent of its size and how many nodules are present. The chance that a patient has cancer is increased when more than one nodule is present. These findings also support the recommendation in recently published guidelines that radiationexposed patients should receive special attention in terms of diagnostic evaluation.

Rebecca Leboeuf, Jacqueline E. Baumgartner, Miriam Benezra, Roberta Malaguarnera, David Solit, Christine A. Pratilas, Neal Rosen, Jeffrey A. Knauf, and James A. Fagin

BRAF^V600E Mutation Is Associated with Preferential Sensitivity to Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Inhibition in Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2194-2201 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2825 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Thyroid cancer cell lines with BRAF mutations are consistently sensitive to growth inhibition by MEK inhibitors whereas cell lines with RAS or RET mutations have variable responses.

P. Bougnères, M. François, L. Pantalone, D. Rodrigue, C. Bouvattier, E. Demesteere, D. Roger, and N. Lahlou

Effects of an Early Postnatal Treatment of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism with a Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Recombinant Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2202-2205 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0121 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
IGF-I-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in lymphocytes is found to be a predictor of GH efficacy in 50 short children during their first year of GH therapy, supporting a significant role of the first steps of IGF-I signaling in the individual variability of GH effects on growth.

Robert R. McLean, Paul F. Jacques, Jacob Selhub, Lisa Fredman, Katherine L. Tucker, Elizabeth J. Samelson, Douglas P. Kiel, L. Adrienne Cupples, and Marian T. Hannan

Plasma B Vitamins, Homocysteine, and Their Relation with Bone Loss and Hip Fracture in Elderly Men and Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2206-2212 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2710 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Among elderly men and women, lower plasma concentrations of B vitamins are associated with greater bone loss and increased hip fracture risk. Elevated plasma homocysteine also predicted hip fracture, yet this relation was not fully explained by low B vitamin status, suggesting independent affects of both B vitamins and homocysteine on the risk of hip fracture.

Anne E. Nelson, Udo Meinhardt, Jennifer L. Hansen, Irene H. Walker, Glenn Stone, Christopher J. Howe, Kin-chuen Leung, Markus J. Seibel, Robert C. Baxter, David J. Handelsman, Rymantas Kazlauskas, and Ken K. Ho

Pharmacodynamics of Growth Hormone Abuse Biomarkers and the Influence of Gender and Testosterone: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study in Young Recreational Athletes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2213-2222 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0402 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A double-blind placebo-controlled study in young recreational athletes undergoing GH administration for 8 weeks indicates that increases in collagen markers have a different time course to IGF markers and extend the window of detection in both sexes. Co-administration of testosterone in men did not affect the IGF or collagen markers except for the N-terminal pro-peptide of collagen type III (PIIINP), where the response to GH was amplified.

M. C. Vantyghem, D. Vincent-Desplanques, F. Defrance-Faivre, J. Capeau, C. Fermon, A. S. Valat, O. Lascols, A. C. Hecart, P. Pigny, B. Delemer, C. Vigouroux, and J. L. Wemeau

Fertility and Obstetrical Complications in Women with LMNA-Related Familial Partial Lipodystrophy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2223-2229 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2521 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In lamin A/C-linked lipodystrophic patients, the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, and gestational diabetes is higher than in the general population. Moreover, the prevalence of gestational diabetes and miscarriages is also higher than previously reported in polycystic ovary syndrome women with similar body mass index, suggesting a need for high-risk gynecological and obstetrical care.

R. Yahyaoui, I. Esteva, J. J. Haro-Mora, M. C. Almaraz, S. Morcillo, G. Rojo-Martínez, J. Martínez, J. M. Gómez-Zumaquero, I. González, V. Hernando, and F. Soriguer

Effect of Long-Term Administration of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy on Serum and Urinary Uric Acid in Transsexual Persons
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2230-2233 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2467 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Serum levels and fractional excretion of uric acid are altered as a result of long-term cross-sex hormone therapy in male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals.

Andreas Machens, Steffen Hauptmann, and Henning Dralle

Medullary Thyroid Cancer Responsiveness to Pentagastrin Stimulation: An Early Surrogate Parameter of Tumor Dissemination?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2234-2238 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2792 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A study of 89 patients with untreated medullary thyroid cancer reveals a strong dose-dependent relationship between a less than 10-fold increase in preoperative calcitonin levels after intravenous pentagastrin stimulation and both the frequency and number of lymph node metastases. This relationship suggested that reduced responsiveness to stimulation with pentagastrin may reflect early tumor dedifferentiation.

Akira Miyauchi, Yuuki Takamura, Yasuhiro Ito, Akihiro Miya, Kaoru Kobayashi, Fumio Matsuzuka, Nobuyuki Amino, Nagaoki Toyoda, Emiko Nomura, and Mitsushige Nishikawa

3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine Thyrotoxicosis due to Increased Conversion of Administered Levothyroxine in Patients with Massive Metastatic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2239-2242 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2282 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Examination of levothyroxine-treated patients with massive metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma reveals that 20% exhibited T3 thyrotoxicosis, most likely due to increased T4 to T3 conversion by tumors expressing high types 1 and 2 iodothyronine deiodinase activities.

Annamaria Colao, Josef Marek, Miklos I. Goth, Philippe Caron, Jean Marc Kuhn, Francesco M. Minuto, and Neil J. Weissman

No Greater Incidence or Worsening of Cardiac Valve Regurgitation with Somatostatin Analog Treatment of Acromegaly
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2243-2248 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2199 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
The incidence of valve regurgitation in patients with acromegaly does not change over 12 months' treatment with somatostatin analogs and, in most cases, is physiologic or mild in severity.

Endocrine Research:

Peter Arner, Britta M. Stenson, Elisabeth Dungner, Erik Näslund, Johan Hoffstedt, Mikael Ryden, and Ingrid Dahlman

Expression of Six Transmembrane Protein of Prostate 2 in Human Adipose Tissue Associates with Adiposity and Insulin Resistance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2249-2254 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0206 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
STAMP2 is a counter-regulator of adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in mice. This study suggests that the role of STAMP2 in human adipose tissue for obesity and its complications is different than in rodent models.

Jozef Ukropec, Adela Penesová, Martina Skopková, Mikulás Pura, Miroslav Vlcek, Zofia Rádiková, Richard Imrich, Barbara Ukropcová, Mária Tajtáková, Juraj Koska, Stefan Zórad, Vítazoslav Belan, Peter Vanuga, Juraj Payer, Juergen Eckel, Iwar Klimes, and Daniela Gasperíková

Adipokine Protein Expression Pattern in Growth Hormone Deficiency Predisposes to the Increased Fat Cell Size and the Whole Body Metabolic Derangements
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2255-2262 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2188 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
In adults with untreated GH deficiency, modification of adipokines might influence adipose tissue growth and differentiation, predispose patients to tissue hypoxia and inflammation, and contribute to whole body metabolic derangements.

Soo Lim, Sung Hee Choi, In-Kyong Jeong, Jae Hyeon Kim, Min Kyong Moon, Kyong Soo Park, Hong Kyu Lee, Young-Bum Kim, and Hak Chul Jang

Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Exercise on Adiponectin and Retinol-Binding Protein-4 Concentrations in Young and Middle-Aged Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2263-2268 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2028 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Healthy young and middle-aged women who performed 60 minutes of exercise three times per week for 10 weeks had decreased plasma insulin levels as well as increased adiponectin and reduced retinol binding protein-4, suggesting that these protein levels could play a role in regulating insulin sensitivity.

Rafael Vazquez-Martinez, Antonio J. Martinez-Fuentes, Marina R. Pulido, Luis Jimenez-Reina, Ana Quintero, Alfonso Leal-Cerro, Alfonso Soto, Susan M. Webb, Nuria Sucunza, Frederic Bartumeus, Pedro Benito-Lopez, Maria A. Galvez-Moreno, Justo P. Castaño, and Maria M. Malagon

Rab18 Is Reduced in Pituitary Tumors Causing Acromegaly and Its Overexpression Reverts Growth Hormone Hypersecretion
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2269-2276 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1893 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Examination of pituitary tumors causing acromegaly finds low levels of Rab18, a small GTPase that inhibits secretory granule traffic and release, providing new insight into the molecular defects that determine GH hypersecretion in human acromegaly.

Signe Gjedde, Esben Thyssen Vestergaard, Lars Christian Gormsen, Anne Lene Dalkjær Riis, Jørgen Rungby, Niels Møller, Jørgen Weeke, and Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen

Serum Ghrelin Levels Are Increased in Hypothyroid Patients and Become Normalized by L-Thyroxine Treatment
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2277-2280 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2619 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In hypothyroid patients, serum ghrelin levels are elevated but become normalized after L-thyroxine replacement, possibly due to a direct effect of iodothyronines on ghrelin secretion or clearance or a compensatory response to abnormal energy metabolism in these patients.

Natascia Di Iorgi, Michael Rosol, Steven D. Mittelman, and Vicente Gilsanz

Reciprocal Relation between Marrow Adiposity and the Amount of Bone in the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton of Young Adults
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2281-2286 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2691 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Computed tomography studies of young, healthy adults reveal an inverse relation between bone marrow adiposity and the amount of bone in the axial and appendicular skeleton, supporting the notion of a common progenitor cell for both osteoblasts and adipocytes.

Thomas Reinehr, Birgit Stoffel-Wagner, and Christian L. Roth

Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Its Relation to Insulin Resistance in Obese Children before and after Weight Loss
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2287-2293 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2745 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A 1-year longitudinal study of 43 obese children finds that retinol-binding protein 4 levels were related to weight status and insulin resistance, with levels normalizing after weight loss.

Niels Grarup, Camilla H. Andreasen, Mette K. Andersen, Anders Albrechtsen, Annelli Sandbæk, Torsten Lauritzen, Knut Borch-Johnsen, Torben Jørgensen, Ole Schmitz, Torben Hansen, and Oluf Pedersen

The –250G>A Promoter Variant in Hepatic Lipase Associates with Elevated Fasting Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Modulated by Interaction with Physical Activity in a Study of 16,156 Danish Subjects
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2294-2299 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2815 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
The rs2070895 variant of the hepatic lipase gene increases serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, with the effect further increased among those that have the variant and vigourously exercise.

W. Russell, R. F. Harrison, N. Smith, K. Darzy, S. Shalet, A. P. Weetman, and R. J. Ross

Free Triiodothyronine Has a Distinct Circadian Rhythm That Is Delayed but Parallels Thyrotropin Levels
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2300-2306 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2674 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A circadian rhythm for free T3 has a periodicity that lags behind TSH, suggesting the periodic rhythm of free T3 is due to its secretion from the thyroid.

Michaela Riedl, Greisa Vila, Christina Maier, Ammon Handisurya, Soheila Shakeri-Manesch, Gerhard Prager, Oswald Wagner, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Bernhard Ludvik, Martin Clodi, and Anton Luger

Plasma Osteopontin Increases After Bariatric Surgery and Correlates with Markers of Bone Turnover But Not with Insulin Resistance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2307-2312 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2383 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Higher plasma osteopontin levels in morbidly obese patients correlate with insulin resistance. One year after bariatric surgery plasma osteopontin does not normalize, but increases further and correlates with markers of bone turnover.

Sung Hee Choi, You Jin Lee, Young Joo Park, Ki Woong Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Soo Lim, Do Joon Park, Sang Eun Kim, Kyong Soo Park, Hak C. Jang, and Bo Youn Cho

Retinol Binding Protein-4 Elevation Is Associated with Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level Independently of Obesity in Elderly Subjects with Normal Glucose Tolerance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2313-2318 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2536 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In elderly subjects with hypothyroidism and normal glucose tolerance, serum retinol binding protein-4 is associated with thyroid hormone deficiency independent of obesity, indicating that elevated levels of this protein could represent a cardiovascular risk factor.

Cristina Natal, Patricia Restituto, Carmen Iñigo, Inmaculada Colina, Javier Díez, and Nerea Varo

The Proinflammatory Mediator CD40 Ligand Is Increased in the Metabolic Syndrome and Modulated by Adiponectin
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2319-2327 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2491 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Patients with metabolic syndrome have enhanced sCD40L levels, likely derived from platelets, and enhanced CD40/CD40L expression in monocytes, suggesting a pathophysiological role for this system. Also, a new anti-inflammatory effect of adiponectin, through the modulation of the CD40/CD40L system on vascular cells, is described.

M. O. Weickert, M. Möhlig, J. Spranger, C. Schöfl, C. V. Loeffelholz, R. L. Riepl, B. Otto, and A. F. H. Pfeiffer

Effects of Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemia and Lipid Infusion on Circulating Cholecystokinin
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2328-2333 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2787 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A negative feedback mechanism of blood lipids on circulating cholecystokinin might exist, thereby contributing to the known disturbances of post-meal satiety, gastric emptying, glucose homeostasis, and gallbladder motility in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Pamela U. Freda, Wei Shen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Carlos M. Reyes-Vidal, Eliza B. Geer, Jeffrey N. Bruce, and Dympna Gallagher

Lower Visceral and Subcutaneous but Higher Intermuscular Adipose Tissue Depots in Patients with Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Excess Due to Acromegaly
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2334-2343 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2780 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Acromegaly patients have less visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue but greater inter-muscular adipose tissue, suggesting that increased muscular fat could be associated with GH-induced insulin resistance.

Claus Yding Andersen, Mikkel Rosendahl, and Anne Grete Byskov

Concentration of Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Inhibin-B in Relation to Steroids and Age in Follicular Fluid from Small Antral Human Follicles
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2344-2349 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2342 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
A study of various hormone effects on small ovarian antral follicles reveals a close interdependence between anti-Mullerian hormone and estradiol, and no correlation between intrafollicular levels of androgens and anti-Mullerian hormone. Furthermore, anti-Mullerian hormone levels remain constant in follicular fluid regardless of age. These results suggest that rather than exerting a desensitizing effect on granulosa cells to FSH action, anti-Mullerian hormone interacts with estradiol production.

Jatin Roper, Fritz Francois, Peter L. Shue, Michelle S. Mourad, Zhiheng Pei, Asalia Z. Olivares de Perez, Guillermo I. Perez-Perez, Chi-Hong Tseng, and Martin J. Blaser

Leptin and Ghrelin in Relation to Helicobacter pylori Status in Adult Males
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2350-2357 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2057 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplementary Data]  
There are lower fasting circulating leptin levels, but unchanged circulating ghrelin levels, in gastric Helicobacter pylori colonization although gastric juice ghrelin varied with pH in the H. pylori-positive subjects, suggesting that H. pylori status may play a role in the regulation of energy metabolism through its effects on gastric physiology.

Stefanie Hahner, Andrea Stuermer, Michael Kreissl, Christoph Reiners, Martin Fassnacht, Heribert Haenscheid, Felix Beuschlein, Martina Zink, Katharina Lang, Bruno Allolio, and Andreas Schirbel

[¹²³I]Iodometomidate for Molecular Imaging of Adrenocortical Cytochrome P450 Family 11B Enzymes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2358-2365 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0050 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
In women newly diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism, leptin and thermogenic response are lower than in the euthyroid state, with the thermogenic response increasing during thyroxine treatment.

Stefan Andersson, Debra Minjarez, Nicole P. Yost, and R. Ann Word

Estrogen and Progesterone Metabolism in the Cervix during Pregnancy and Parturition
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2366-2374 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2813 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Cervical ripening during parturition involves localized regulation of estrogen and progesterone metabolism through a complex relationship between cervical epithelium and stroma. Steroid hormone metabolism in the cervix of pregnant women is different from that in mice.

A. W. Horne, S. van den Driesche, A. E. King, S. Burgess, M. Myers, H. Ludlow, P. Lourenco, P. Ghazal, A. R. Williams, H. O. D. Critchley, and W. C. Duncan

Endometrial Inhibin/Activin β-B Subunit Expression Is Related to Decidualization and Is Reduced in Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2375-2382 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0136 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Potential biomarkers of tubal pregnancy can be identified by focusing on secreted proteins associated with uterine decidualization such as inhibin and activin {beta}.

Francesco S. Celi, Giuseppe Coppotelli, Aaron Chidakel, Marilyn Kelly, Beth A. Brillante, Thomas Shawker, Natasha Cherman, Penelope P. Feuillan, and Michael T. Collins

The Role of Type 1 and Type 2 5'-Deiodinase in the Pathophysiology of the 3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine Toxicosis of McCune-Albright Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2383-2389 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2237 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This study characterizes the clinical and molecular features of the thyroid involvement in McCune-Albright syndrome. Thyroid pathology is a common occurrence, and the changes in thyroid hormones levels are secondary to intrathyroidal activation of both type-1 and type-2 deiodinases.

Chrysanthia A. Leontiou, Maria Gueorguiev, Jacqueline van der Spuy, Richard Quinton, Francesca Lolli, Sevda Hassan, Harvinder S. Chahal, Susana C. Igreja, Suzanne Jordan, Janice Rowe, Marie Stolbrink, Helen C. Christian, Jessica Wray, David Bishop-Bailey, Dan M. Berney, John A. H. Wass, Vera Popovic, Antônio Ribeiro-Oliveira, Jr., Monica R. Gadelha, John P. Monson, Scott A. Akker, Julian R. E. Davis, Richard N. Clayton, Katsuhiko Yoshimoto, Takeo Iwata, Akira Matsuno, Kuniki Eguchi, Mâdâlina Musat, Daniel Flanagan, Gordon Peters, Graeme B. Bolger, J. Paul Chapple, Lawrence A. Frohman, Ashley B. Grossman, and Márta Korbonits

The Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Interacting Protein Gene in Familial and Sporadic Pituitary Adenomas
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2390-2401 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2611 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data]  
Among 26 families with a history of acromegaly, nine had aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) mutations whereas no mutations were seen in tumor or blood from patients with sporadic tumors. In cell lines, overexpression of wild-type, but not mutated, AIP inhibited cell proliferation and interacted with phospohodiesterase 4A5. These findings validate this protein's role as a tumor-suppressor.

Hitoshi Ishimoto, Kazuhiro Minegishi, Takayuki Higuchi, Masataka Furuya, Satoshi Asai, Seon Hye Kim, Mamoru Tanaka, Yasunori Yoshimura, and Robert B. Jaffe

The Periphery of the Human Fetal Adrenal Gland Is a Site of Angiogenesis: Zonal Differential Expression and Regulation of Angiogenic Factors
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2402-2408 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2509 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This study suggests that angiogenesis occurs at the periphery of the human fetal adrenal gland, as high levels of Ang2, FGF-2, and VEGF-A were found in this region. Coordinated organ and vascular growth can be seen by the parallel expression of Ang2 in endothelial cells of the outer definitive zone and FGF-2 in the adrenal cortical cells.

Toyoshi Endo, Kazuyasu Ohta, and Tetsuro Kobayashi

Expression and Function of Cbfa-1/Runx2 in Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma Cells
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2409-2412 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2805 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
Examination of human thyroid papillary carcinoma tissue samples and the BHP18-21 cell line reveals increased levels of osteocalcin transcription factor Cbfa-1/Runx2. Transfection of this protein in thyrocytes caused these cells to behave like osteoblasts and produce alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and osteocalcin, suggesting that Cbfa-1/Runx2 may play a role in the calcification process in human thyroid papillary carcinoma.

George Dimitriadis, Panayota Mitrou, Vaia Lambadiari, Eleni Boutati, Eirini Maratou, Eftychia Koukkou, Demosthenes Panagiotakos, Nikos Tountas, Theofanis Economopoulos, and Sotirios A. Raptis

Insulin-Stimulated Rates of Glucose Uptake in Muscle in Hyperthyroidism: The Importance of Blood Flow
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2413-2415 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2832 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In hyperthyroidism, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle is impaired, but may be corrected, at least in part, by increases in blood flow.

F. C. Soardi, M. Barbaro, I. F. Lau, S. H. V. Lemos-Marini, M. T. M. Baptista, G. Guerra-Junior, A. Wedell, S. Lajic, and M. P. de Mello

Inhibition of CYP21A2 Enzyme Activity Caused by Novel Missense Mutations Identified in Brazilian and Scandinavian Patients
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2416-2420 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2594 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
This article describes the degree of enzyme impairment caused by three novel and two rare mutations identified in Brazilian and Scandinavian patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Several aspects of genotype-phenotype correlation are revealed.

Marie J. E. Walenkamp, Sabine M. P. F. de Muinck Keizer-Schrama, Marianne de Mos, Margot E. Kalf, Hermine A. van Duyvenvoorde, Annemieke M. Boot, Sarina G. Kant, Stefan J. White, Monique Losekoot, Johan T. Den Dunnen, Marcel Karperien, and Jan M. Wit

Successful Long-Term Growth Hormone Therapy in a Girl with Haploinsufficiency of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor due to a Terminal 15q26.2->qter Deletion Detected by Multiplex Ligation Probe Amplification
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2421-2425 , doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1789 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  
In a 15-year-old patient born small for gestational age (SGA) with elevated IGF-I levels, multiplex ligation probe amplification and array comparative genomic hybridization detected submicroscopic deletions of the IGF1R gene, which were also identified in patients born SGA with persistent growth failure. Short children with this condition respond well to GH treatment.

Announcements and Resources:

Erratum
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2426 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine-Related Resources from the National Institutes of Health
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2427-2430 [Full Text] [PDF]  

National Hormone & Peptide Program (NHPP): New Recombinant Hormones, Hypothalamic Peptides, Natural Hormones, New Antisera, & Expanded Hormone Assay Services Available
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 2431-2433 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:

Carol Greenlee, James Hill, and Guillermo Umpierrez

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:Diabetes and Exercise
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Carol Greenlee, James Hill, and Guillermo Umpierrez

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:La diabetes y el ejercicio
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 [Full Text] [PDF]  

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