The Endocrine Society:

ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM NEWS
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 17a-20a [Full Text] [PDF]  

Special Features:

Deborah P. Merke

APPROACH TO THE PATIENT:Approach to the Adult with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 653-660 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Treatment of classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to CYP21A2 (21-hydroxylase) deficiency in adults]

Virginie Mariot, Stéphanie Maupetit-Méhouas, Christiane Sinding, Marie-Laure Kottler, and Agnès Linglart

CLINICAL CASE SEMINAR:A Maternal Epimutation of GNAS Leads to Albright Osteodystrophy and Parathyroid Hormone Resistance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 661-665; first published January 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0927 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The GNAS methylation changes identified in a girl with Albright osteodystrophy (AHO) and PTH resistance but no GNAS loss of function mutation indicates that pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib may be a heterogeneous disorder that may also include patients with AHO features.

Brian A. Swiglo, M. H. Murad, Holger J. Schünemann, Regina Kunz, Robert A. Vigersky, Gordon H. Guyatt, and Victor M. Montori

REVIEW:A Case for Clarity, Consistency, and Helpfulness: State-of-the-Art Clinical Practice Guidelines in Endocrinology Using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation System
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 666-673; first published January 2 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1907 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This article describes the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system to determine the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence used in developing clinical practice guidelines.

Editorials:

Terry F. Davies

EDITORIAL:Infection and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 674-676 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine Care:

Michael F. Holick, Rachael M. Biancuzzo, Tai C. Chen, Ellen K. Klein, Azzie Young, Douglass Bibuld, Richard Reitz, Wael Salameh, Allen Ameri, and Andrew D. Tannenbaum

Vitamin D₂ Is as Effective as Vitamin D₃ in Maintaining Circulating Concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 677-681; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2308 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Treatment of vitamin D deficient states]
This study finds that vitamin D2 was as effective as vitamin D3 in maintaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and did not negatively affect serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels.

Rossella Elisei, Barbara Cosci, Cristina Romei, Valeria Bottici, Giulia Renzini, Eleonora Molinaro, Laura Agate, Agnese Vivaldi, Pinuccia Faviana, Fulvio Basolo, Paolo Miccoli, Piero Berti, Furio Pacini, and Aldo Pinchera

Prognostic Significance of Somatic RET Oncogene Mutations in Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 682-687; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1714 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), a somatic RET mutation is associated with higher probabilities of disease persistence and shorter survival. The mutation is also correlated with lymph node metastases, making the gene a viable prognostic marker for definitive cure of MTC patients.

Morton G. Burt, Gudmundur Johannsson, A. Margot Umpleby, Donald J. Chisholm, and Ken K. Y. Ho

Impact of Growth Hormone and Dehydroepiandrosterone on Protein Metabolism in Glucocorticoid-Treated Patients
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 688-695; first published January 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2333 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Chronic glucocorticoid (GC) therapy causes substantial morbidity from protein wasting that can be reversed by GH and androgens. This study in patients on long-term GCs finds that GH can induce protein anabolism without causing diabetes, whereas no effect was seen in patients given dehydroepiandrosterone alone or with GH.

Chan Jong Kim, Lin Lin, Ningwu Huang, Charmian A. Quigley, Theodore W. AvRuskin, John C. Achermann, and Walter L. Miller

Severe Combined Adrenal and Gonadal Deficiency Caused by Novel Mutations in the Cholesterol Side Chain Cleavage Enzyme, P450scc
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 696-702; first published January 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2330 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Mutations in the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc, cause combined adrenal and gonadal failure, resulting in a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from prematurity, complete underandrogenization, and severe early-onset adrenal failure, to partial deficiencies with mild disorders of sexual differentiation and late-onset adrenal failure.

Urs M. Nater, Elizabeth Maloney, Roumiana S. Boneva, Brian M. Gurbaxani, Jin-Mann Lin, James F. Jones, William C. Reeves, and Christine Heim

Attenuated Morning Salivary Cortisol Concentrations in a Population-Based Study of Persons with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Well Controls
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 703-709; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1747 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study monitoring morning salivary cortisol profiles in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome finds diminished awakening response in women and not men.

Roberto Baldelli, Laura De Marinis, Antonio Bianchi, Rosario Pivonello, Valentina Gasco, Renata Auriemma, Giuseppe Pasimeni, Vincenzo Cimino, Marialuisa Appetecchia, Mauro Maccario, Gaetano Lombardi, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Annamaria Colao, and Silvia Grottoli

Microalbuminuria in Insulin Sensitivity in Patients with Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Tumor
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 710-714; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1197 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Patients with acromegaly and impaired glucose homeostasis also have microalbuminuria, which this study suggests should be a component of their cardiovascular risk assessment.

Yasuharu Tabara, Haruhiko Osawa, Ryuichi Kawamoto, Rieko Tachibana-Iimori, Miyuki Yamamoto, Jun Nakura, Tetsuro Miki, Hideich Makino, and Katsuhiko Kohara

Reduced High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and Elevated High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Are Synergistic Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in a Large-Scale Middle-Aged to Elderly Population: the Shimanami Health Promoting Program Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 715-722; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0397 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study links reduced high molecular weight adiponectin and elevated C-reactive protein with metabolic syndrome, suggesting that both proteins could be used to identify at-risk populations.

Karoliina Wehkalampi, Elisabeth Widén, Tiina Laine, Aarno Palotie, and Leo Dunkel

Patterns of Inheritance of Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty in Families of Adolescent Girls and Boys Referred to Specialist Pediatric Care
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 723-728; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1786 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Diagnosis and treatment of delayed puberty]
Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) runs in families with a complex inheritance. Among men and women with CDGP, 80% and 75%, respectively, had first-degree relatives with CDGP.

Anita Kondrashova, Hanna Viskari, Anna-Maija Haapala, Tapio Seiskari, Petri Kulmala, Jorma Ilonen, Mikael Knip, and Heikki Hyöty

Serological Evidence of Thyroid Autoimmunity among Schoolchildren in Two Different Socioeconomic Environments
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 729-734; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1644 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity is lower in Russian Karelia than Finnish children, a difference that was not explained by ethnic background or major histocompatibility HLA-DQ genes, suggesting that the differing socioeconomic environments of these populations may play a role.

John J. Albers, Santica M. Marcovina, Giuseppina Imperatore, Beverly M. Snively, Jeanette Stafford, Wilfred Y. Fujimoto, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Diana B. Petitti, Catherine Pihoker, Larry Dolan, and Dana M. Dabelea

Prevalence and Determinants of Elevated Apolipoprotein B and Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein in Youths with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 735-742; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2176 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study of atherogenic lipoprotein abnormalities in young patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes reveals increased apolipoprotein B levels and small, dense low density lipoprotein primarily in those with type 2 diabetes. Poor glycemic control increases the prevalence of these lipoprotein risk factors in both groups.

Kun Zhu, Amanda Devine, Ian M. Dick, Scott G. Wilson, and Richard L. Prince

Effects of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Hip Bone Mineral Density and Calcium-Related Analytes in Elderly Ambulatory Australian Women: A Five-Year Randomized Controlled Trial
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 743-749; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1466 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Calcium and vitamin D supplementation in osteoporosis]
This study shows that addition of vitamin D to calcium has long-term beneficial effects on bone mineral density in elderly women living in a sunny climate. While calcium halted hip bone turnover, it only did so for one year after treatment. Supplementation with vitamin D continued the reduction in hip bone turnover for three to five years.

Ellena Badrick, Martin Bobak, Annie Britton, Clemens Kirschbaum, Michael Marmot, and Meena Kumari

The Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Cortisol Secretion in an Aging Cohort
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 750-757; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0737 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study suggests an association between different indices of alcohol intake and daily release of cortisol. Heavy drinkers have greater amounts of the hormone, indicating reduced control and chronic changes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Sylvie Salenave, Philippe Chanson, Hélène Bry, Michel Pugeat, Sylvie Cabrol, Jean Claude Carel, Arnaud Murat, Pierre Lecomte, Sylvie Brailly, Jean-Pierre Hardelin, Catherine Dodé, and Jacques Young

Kallmann’s Syndrome: A Comparison of the Reproductive Phenotypes in Men Carrying KAL1 and FGFR1/KAL2 Mutations
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 758-763; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1168 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Men with Kallmann's syndrome and KAL1 gene mutations have a more severe reproductive phenotype than men with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1/KAL2) gene mutations, whereas the latter is associated with a broader spectrum of pubertal development patterns and less severe impairment of gonadotropin secretion.

A. Carrascosa, L. Audí, M. Fernández-Cancio, C. Esteban, P. Andaluz, E. Vilaró, M. Clemente, D. Yeste, M. A. Albisu, and M. Gussinyé

The Exon 3-Deleted/Full-Length Growth Hormone Receptor Polymorphism Did Not Influence Growth Response to Growth Hormone Therapy over Two Years in Prepubertal Short Children Born at Term with Adequate Weight and Length for Gestational Age
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 764-770; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2180 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In prepubertal short boys and girls born at term with adequate weight and length, the exon 3-deleted/full-length(fl)-GH receptor polymorphism genotype did not influence responsiveness to 2-year GH therapy, comparable to observations in small-for-gestational-age patients.

Jason J. Winnick, W. Michael Sherman, Diane L. Habash, Michael B. Stout, Mark L. Failla, Martha A. Belury, and Dara P. Schuster

Short-Term Aerobic Exercise Training in Obese Humans with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Improves Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity through Gains in Peripheral, not Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 771-778; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1524 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Aerobic exercise training for seven days in obese patients with mild diabetes mellitus augments whole-body insulin sensitivity, peripheral glucose uptake, and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Because hepatic insulin sensitivity was not affected, a lengthier training duration may be required to improve this as well.

Hironori Nagasaka, Takashi Miida, Kenichi Hirano, Akemi Ota, Tohru Yorifuji, Tomozumi Takatani, Hirokazu Tsukahara, Masaki Takayanagi, Shu-Ping Hui, Kunihiko Kobayashi, and Hitoshi Chiba

Reduced Apolipoprotein E-Rich High-Density Lipoprotein Level at Birth Is Restored to the Normal Range in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the First Year of Life
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 779-783; first published January 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1621 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Children with familial hypercholesterolemia have low levels of apolipoprotein E-rich high density lipoprotein at birth which normalizes in the first year of life, the opposite effect of which is seen in normal children.

Nelly Pitteloud, Andrew A. Dwyer, Suzzunne DeCruz, Hang Lee, Paul A. Boepple, William F. Crowley, Jr., and Frances J. Hayes

Inhibition of Luteinizing Hormone Secretion by Testosterone in Men Requires Aromatization for Its Pituitary But Not Its Hypothalamic Effects: Evidence from the Tandem Study of Normal and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Deficient Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 784-791; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2156 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study examining sex hormone regulation of LH in men suggests that testosterone and estradiol have independent effects on LH secretion; inhibition of LH by testosterone requires aromatization for its pituitary but not hypothalamic effects; and estrogen has dual sites of feedback with predominant hypothalamic effects.

Richard S. Legro, Huiman X. Barnhart, William D. Schlaff, Bruce R. Carr, Michael P. Diamond, Sandra A. Carson, Michael P. Steinkampf, Christos Coutifaris, Peter G. McGovern, Nicholas A. Cataldo, Gabriella G. Gosman, John E. Nestler, Linda C. Giudice, Kathryn G. Ewens, Richard S. Spielman, Phyllis C. Leppert, Evan R. Myers for the Reproductive Medicine Network

Ovulatory Response to Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Associated with a Polymorphism in the STK11 Gene
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 792-800; first published November 13 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1736 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A polymorphism in the hepatic serine-threonine kinase gene STK11, which has been implicated in metformin action, is associated with poor ovulatory response to metformin treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome patients.

Susan R. Davis, Sonal M. Shah, Dean P. McKenzie, Jayashri Kulkarni, Sonia L. Davison, and Robin J. Bell

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels Are Associated with More Favorable Cognitive Function in Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 801-808; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2128 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate]
In women aged 21-77 years, higher endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels are independently and favorably associated with executive function, concentration, and working memory.

Megan Rist Haymart, Daniel John Repplinger, Glen E. Leverson, Diane F. Elson, Rebecca S. Sippel, Juan Carlos Jaume, and Herbert Chen

Higher Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Level in Thyroid Nodule Patients Is Associated with Greater Risks of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Advanced Tumor Stage
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 809-814; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2215 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study shows that higher serum TSH levels in patients with thyroid nodules proving to be thyroid cancer are associated with more advanced stages of disease at surgery.

A. H. Holmberg, P. M. Nilsson, J-Å. Nilsson, and K. Åkesson

The Association between Hyperglycemia and Fracture Risk in Middle Age. A Prospective, Population-Based Study of 22,444 Men and 10,902 Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 815-822; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0843 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
To elucidate the association between type 2 diabetes and fracture risk, this study of middle-aged men and women with elevated 2-hour glucose levels identifies lower risk of multiple and osteoporotic fractures, independent of age, body mass index, and smoking.

Nelly Mauras, Lilliam Gonzalez de Pijem, Helen Y. Hsiang, Paul Desrosiers, Robert Rapaport, I. David Schwartz, Karen Oerter Klein, Ravinder J. Singh, Anna Miyamoto, and Kim Bishop

Anastrozole Increases Predicted Adult Height of Short Adolescent Males Treated with Growth Hormone: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial for One to Three Years
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 823-831; first published December 28 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1559 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Treating short children in puberty can be a challenge due to the limited time available to increase linear growth before the completion of epiphyseal fusion. This study finds that co-treatment of adolescent boys with GH and the aromatase blocker, anastrozole, for 2-3 years significantly increased predicted adult height. These results were accompanied by maintenance of normal virilization, pubertal hormones, IGF-I and lipid concentrations, and a strong safety profile.

Gang Hu, Jaana Lindström, Pekka Jousilahti, Markku Peltonen, Lena Sjöberg, Risto Kaaja, Jouko Sundvall, and Jaakko Tuomilehto

The Increasing Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Finnish Men and Women over a Decade
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 832-836; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1883 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In Finland, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased from 1992 to 2002 in middle-aged people. More men than women have metabolic syndrome, yet the increase in prevalence was only significant in women.

P. Brassard, F. Frisch, F. Lavoie, D. Cyr, A. Bourbonnais, S. C. Cunnane, B. W. Patterson, R. Drouin, J.-P. Baillargeon, and A. C. Carpentier

Impaired Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acid Tolerance Is an Early Defect in the Natural History of Type 2 Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 837-844; first published January 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1670 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Healthy offspring with two type 2 diabetes parents display an increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acid appearance and oxidation during stimulated intravascular triacylglycerol lipolysis and hyperinsulinemia, suggesting that impaired fatty acid storage in adipose tissues occur early in the natural history of type 2 diabetes and may contribute to ectopic fat accumulation in these individuals.

Mirjam Langeveld, Karen J. M. Ghauharali, Hans P. Sauerwein, Mariette T. Ackermans, Johanna E. M. Groener, Carla E. M. Hollak, Johannes M. Aerts, and Mireille J. Serlie

Type I Gaucher Disease, a Glycosphingolipid Storage Disorder, Is Associated with Insulin Resistance
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 845-851; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1702 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study links Gaucher disease with peripheral insulin resistance, possibly through the effect of glycosphingolipids on the insulin receptor since insulin stimulated peripheral glucose uptake is less effective in these patients.

Steven Boonen, Fernando Marin, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Maria E. Simões, Clare Barker, Emmett V. Glass, Peyman Hadji, George Lyritis, Heide Oertel, Thomas Nickelsen, Eugene V. McCloskey for the EUROFORS Investigators

Effects of Previous Antiresorptive Therapy on the Bone Mineral Density Response to Two Years of Teriparatide Treatment in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 852-860; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0711 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In osteoporotic postmenopausal women receiving 2 years of teriparatide therapy after being treated with antiresorptive drugs, teriparatide was effective in increasing bone formation makers and bone mineral density regardless of type or duration of prior antiresorptive therapy.

Joel S. Finkelstein, Sarah E. Brockwell, Vinay Mehta, Gail A. Greendale, MaryFran R. Sowers, Bruce Ettinger, Joan C. Lo, Janet M. Johnston, Jane A. Cauley, Michelle E. Danielson, and Robert M. Neer

Bone Mineral Density Changes during the Menopause Transition in a Multiethnic Cohort of Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 861-868; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1876 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Osteoporotic fracture risk assessment]
A study of bone mineral density changes during menopause reveals that bone loss accelerates substantially in the late perimenopause and continues at a similar pace in the first postmenopausal years. Additionally, the rate of postmenopausal bone mineral changes is related to body weight and not ethnicity.

Winfried Barthlen, Oliver Blankenstein, Harald Mau, Martin Koch, Claudia Höhne, Wolfgang Mohnike, Traugott Eberhard, Frank Fuechtner, Bettina Lorenz-Depiereux, and Klaus Mohnike

Evaluation of [¹⁸F]Fluoro-L-DOPA Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography for Surgery in Focal Congenital Hyperinsulinism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 869-875; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2036 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study finds that integrated (18F) FDOPA PET-CT can localize the lesion in focal congenital hyperinsulinism and can be used in limited pancreatic resections.

A. Lapolla, M. G. Dalfrà, G. Mello, E. Parretti, R. Cioni, C. Marzari, M. Masin, A. Ognibene, G. Messeri, D. Fedele, A. Mari, and G. Pacini

Early Detection of Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function with Simple Tests Indicates Future Derangements in Late Pregnancy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 876-880; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1363 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In expectant mothers who will develop gestational diabetes mellitus later in pregnancy, the oral glucose tolerance test detects early and subtle differences that can help guide treatment.

M. Das, O. Djahanbakhch, B. Hacihanefioglu, E. Saridogan, M. Ikram, L. Ghali, M. Raveendran, and A. Storey

Granulosa Cell Survival and Proliferation Are Altered in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 881-887; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1650 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), there are differences in the rates of granulosa cell death and proliferation. Anovulatory PCOS follicles have lower levels of pro-apoptotic protein caspase-3 and higher levels of inhibitor of the apoptosis protein (IAP), c-IAP-2.

Elizabeth N. Pearce, Peter W. F. Wilson, Qiong Yang, Ramachandran S. Vasan, and Lewis E. Braverman

Thyroid Function and Lipid Subparticle Sizes in Patients with Short-Term Hypothyroidism and a Population-Based Cohort
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 888-894; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1987 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  

        A general review of the topic discussed in this article is available through UpToDate in Endocrinology.

[Lipid abnormalities in thyroid disease]
In hypothyroid women, there are increases in less atherogenic large low density lipoprotein, small very low density lipoproteins, and large high density lipoprotein subparticle concentrations.

Pascal Philibert, Anna Biason-Lauber, Roman Rouzier, Catherine Pienkowski, Françoise Paris, Daniel Konrad, Eugene Schoenle, and Charles Sultan

Identification and Functional Analysis of a New WNT4 Gene Mutation among 28 Adolescent Girls with Primary Amenorrhea and Müllerian Duct Abnormalities: A French Collaborative Study
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 895-900; first published January 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2023 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study of 28 adolescent girls with primary amenorrhea, XX karyotype, and Mullerian duct abnormalities (MRKH syndrome) finds that one girl with MRKH and hyperandrogenism has a mutation in the WNT4 gene.

Steven A. Lietman, James Goldfarb, Nina Desai, and Michael A. Levine

BRIEF REPORT:Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis for Severe Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 901-904; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2040 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis can select embryos that do not have mutations in the alpha stimulating subunit of the guanine nucleotide binding protein (GNAS) gene in Albright hereditary osteodystrophy. Additionally, the study describes a novel GNAS mutation in a male with AHO and pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a with phocomelia.

Alberto Tagliafico, Eugenia Resmini, Raffaella Nizzo, Federico Bianchi, Francesco Minuto, Diego Ferone, and Carlo Martinoli

BRIEF REPORT:Ultrasound Measurement of Median and Ulnar Nerve Cross-Sectional Area in Acromegaly
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 905-909; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1719 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Peripheral nerve sonography in patients with acromegaly shows that these patients have slightly increased volume of median and ulnar nerves, which may be related to clinical control, disease duration, and IGF-I levels.

Massimo Torlontano, Cosimo Durante, Isabella Torrente, Umberto Crocetti, Giovanni Augello, Giuseppe Ronga, Teresa Montesano, Laura Travascio, Antonella Verrienti, Rocco Bruno, Stefano Santini, Palmina D’Arcangelo, Bruno Dallapiccola, Sebastiano Filetti, and Vincenzo Trischitta

BRIEF REPORT:Type 2 Deiodinase Polymorphism (Threonine 92 Alanine) Predicts L-Thyroxine Dose to Achieve Target Thyrotropin Levels in Thyroidectomized Patients
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 910-913; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1067 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A study of 191 thyroidectomized patients suggests that a type 2 deiodinase polymorphism (Thr92Ala) predicts the need for a higher thyroxine dose requirement.

Andrea D. Coviello, Beth Kaplan, Kishore M. Lakshman, Tai Chen, Atam B. Singh, and Shalender Bhasin

BRIEF REPORT:Effects of Graded Doses of Testosterone on Erythropoiesis in Healthy Young and Older Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 914-919; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1692 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Polycythemia is a dose-limiting adverse effect of testosterone therapy. This study shows testosterone treatment of older men has a greater dose-dependent effect on the hemoglobin and hematocrit than treatment in younger men. However, no changes in erythropoietin or soluble transferring receptor levels were found in older or younger men, suggesting an alternate mechanism for testosterone-related polycythemia.

Yumi Asakura, Yuko Toyota, Koji Muroya, Kenji Kurosawa, Kazutoshi Fujita, Noriko Aida, Hiroshi Kawame, Kenjiro Kosaki, and Masanori Adachi

BRIEF REPORT:Endocrine and Radiological Studies in Patients with Molecularly Confirmed CHARGE Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 920-924; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1419 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Mutations in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 gene, CHD7, are found in a majority of patients with CHARGE syndrome, which includes ocular coloboma, choanal atresia, cranial nerve defects, and inner and external ear abnormalities. This study links this gene mutation to hypogonadism, GH deficiency, hypothyroidism, olfactory bulb hypoplasia and semi-circular canal aplasia.

Lourdes Ibáñez, Larisa Suárez, Abel Lopez-Bermejo, Marta Díaz, Carme Valls, and Francis de Zegher

BRIEF REPORT:Early Development of Visceral Fat Excess after Spontaneous Catch-Up Growth in Children with Low Birth Weight
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 925-928; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1618 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Visceral fat in post-catchup children born small-for-gestational age is excessive by 6 yrs of age, averaging 50% higher than in children born appropriate-for-gestational age, suggesting that the time window for early prevention of type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome may have to be advanced into prepubertal childhood.

Endocrine Research:

Sandra A. Rebuffat, Brigitte Nguyen, Bruno Robert, Françoise Castex, and Sylvie Peraldi-Roux

Antithyroperoxidase Antibody-Dependent Cytotoxicity in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 929-934; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2042 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The effectors involved in antibody and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC and CDC, respectively) in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are not well characterized. This study shows that monocytes, via their Fc{gamma}RI receptors, are important effector cells in ADCC mediated by anti-thyroperoxidase auto-antibodies and may contribute with T cells to the destruction of the thyroid gland in AITD.

Shee-Uan Chen, Chia-Hung Chou, Hsinyu Lee, Chi-Hong Ho, Chung-Wu Lin, and Yu-Shih Yang

Lysophosphatidic Acid Up-Regulates Expression of Interleukin-8 and -6 in Granulosa-Lutein Cells through Its Receptors and Nuclear Factor-B Dependent Pathways: Implications for Angiogenesis of Corpus Luteum and Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 935-943; first published January 2 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1512 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The role of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in ovarian follicle rupture and neo-vascularization is unclear. This study reveals that LPA induces interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 expression through LPA receptors and NF-{kappa}B-dependent pathways in granulosa-lutein cells. Overexpression of these cytokines from multiple corpora lutae may be one of the pathophysiological causes of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Remberto C. Paulo, Mihaela Cosma, Cacia Soares-Welch, Joy N. Bailey, Kristi L. Mielke, John M. Miles, Cyril Y. Bowers, and Johannes D. Veldhuis

Gonadal Status and Body Mass Index Jointly Determine Growth Hormone (GH)-Releasing Hormone/GH-Releasing Peptide Synergy in Healthy Men
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 944-950; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1388 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Designing GH-stimulation regimens is complicated by the fact that sex hormones potentiate GH secretion whereas increased body mass index (BMI) represses GH secretion. This study shows that short-term sex-steroid withdrawal in lean, young men attenuates dual secretagogue-stimulated GH secretion, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of relative adiposity on GH secretion predominates over that of acute sex-steroid withdrawal.

Mihaela Cosma, Joy Bailey, John M. Miles, Cyril Y. Bowers, and Johannes D. Veldhuis

Pituitary and/or Peripheral Estrogen-Receptor Regulates Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion, Whereas Central Estrogenic Pathways Direct Growth Hormone and Prolactin Secretion in Postmenopausal Women
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 951-958; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1322 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In postmenopausal women given the nonbrain-permeant estrogen receptor antagonist fulvestrant, estrogen inhibits FSH secretion via pituitary and peripheral estrogen receptor alpha (ER{alpha}), stimulates prolactin and GH via nonpituitary and nonperipheral-ER{alpha} effects, and drives IGF-I-binding proteins by complex mechanisms.

Mario Kratz, Jonathan Q. Purnell, Patricia A. Breen, Katherine K. Thomas, Kristina M. Utzschneider, Darcy B. Carr, Steven E. Kahn, James P. Hughes, Elizabeth A. Rutledge, Brian Van Yserloo, Michi Yukawa, and David S. Weigle

Reduced Adipogenic Gene Expression in Thigh Adipose Tissue Precedes Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Lipoatrophy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 959-966; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0197 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Reduced expression of adipogenic genes in thigh, but not abdominal, subcutaneous adipose tissue precedes the development of lipoatrophy in HIV-infected subjects on highly-active antiretroviral therapy.

Inaam A. Nakchbandi, Robert Lang, Barbara Kinder, and Karl L. Insogna

The Role of the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-B Ligand/Osteoprotegerin Cytokine System in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 967-973; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1645 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism (PTH <4-fold above normal) have elevated serum receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa ligand (RANKL), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-6 soluble receptor, which may be useful predictors of bone loss in these patients.

Barbara Räz, Marco Janner, Vibor Petkovic, Didier Lochmatter, Andrée Eblé, Mehul T. Dattani, Peter C. Hindmarsh, Christa E. Flück, and Primus E. Mullis

Influence of Growth Hormone (GH) Receptor Deletion of Exon 3 and Full-Length Isoforms on GH Response and Final Height in Patients with Severe GH Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 974-980; first published November 20 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1382 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The exon 3-deleted polymorphism of the GH receptor gene in patients with severe isolated growth hormone deficiency may play an initial role in GH responsiveness, but has no effect on final height.

Hiroshi Ishikawa, Veysel Fencki, Erica E. Marsh, Ping Yin, Dong Chen, You-Hong Cheng, Scott Reisterd, Zhihong Lin, and Serdar E. Bulun

CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein β Regulates Aromatase Expression via Multiple and Novel Cis-Regulatory Sequences in Uterine Leiomyoma
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 981-991; first published January 8 2008 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2507 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In uterine leiomyoma cells, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) binds to three specific cis-regulatory elements in promoter I.3/II of the aromatase gene. These findings may assist in designing future aromatase inhibitors specific for leiomyoma tissue.

L. Norton, T. Parr, K. Chokkalingam, R. G. Bardsley, H. Ye, G. I. Bell, M. M. A. L. Pelsers, L. J. C. van Loon, and K. Tsintzas

Calpain-10 Gene and Protein Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle: Effect of Acute Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 992-998; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1981 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Skeletal muscle calpain-10 protein levels are comparable among sedentary people with and without type 2 diabetes and higher in endurance-trained athletes, suggesting that calpain-10 is not modified by insulin resistance, but by exercise training and physiological hyperinsulinemia.

Thomas M. Barber, Stephen J. Golding, Christopher Alvey, John A. H. Wass, Fredrik Karpe, Stephen Franks, and Mark I. McCarthy

Global Adiposity Rather Than Abnormal Regional Fat Distribution Characterizes Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 999-1004; first published December 18 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2117 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
A comparison of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and body mass index/fat-mass-matched control women finds that despite significant differences in insulin resistance, these groups are indistinguishable in terms of fat distribution within visceral, abdominal subcutaneous, and gluteo-femoral subcutaneous depots.

Mara Giordano, Michela Godi, Simona Mellone, Antonella Petri, Daniela Vivenza, Luigi Tiradani, Yari Carlomagno, Daniela Ferrante, Teresa Arrigo, Ginevra Corneli, Simonetta Bellone, Francesca Giacopelli, Claudio Santoro, Gianni Bona, and Patricia Momigliano-Richiardi

A Functional Common Polymorphism in the Vitamin D-Responsive Element of the GH1 Promoter Contributes to Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1005-1012; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1918 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Most cases of isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) are idiopathic and non-severe, with no causal mutations. The authors hypothesized the existence of multiple low penetrance genetic variations contributing to the disease. They identified a functional polymorphism at position -57 of the GH1 gene promoter within a vitamin D receptor binding element as one of the possible genetic factors involved in idiopathic IGHD.

Masahiro Yamamoto, Toru Yamaguchi, Mika Yamauchi, Shozo Yano, and Toshitsugu Sugimoto

Serum Pentosidine Levels Are Positively Associated with the Presence of Vertebral Fractures in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1013-1019; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1270 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Serum pentosidine levels are positively associated with vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with diabetes, independent of their bone mineral density, implying that bone quality is more important than density for predicting fracture risk in these patients.

Audrey J. Robinson-White, Hui-Pin Hsiao, Wolfgang W. Leitner, Elizabeth Greene, Andrew Bauer, Nancy L. Krett, Maria Nesterova, and Constantine A. Stratakis

Protein Kinase A-Independent Inhibition of Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis in Human Thyroid Cancer Cells by 8-Cl-Adenosine
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1020-1029; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2331 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
In thyroid cancer cells, 8-Cl-cAMP and its metabolite 8-Cl-adenosine inhibit proliferation, induce cell cycle phase accumulation, and stimulate apoptosis, all without the involvement of protein kinase A, making these cAMP analogues possible therapeutic agents for treating aggressive thyroid cancer.

Peng Fang, Rose Girgis, Brian M. Little, Katherine L. Pratt, Jaime Guevara-Aguirre, Vivian Hwa, and Ron G. Rosenfeld

Growth Hormone (GH) Insensitivity and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Deficiency in Inuit Subjects and an Ecuadorian Cohort: Functional Studies of Two Codon 180 GH Receptor Gene Mutations
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1030-1037; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2022 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study identifies a novel mutation at residue E180 of the GH receptor in two Inuit women with Laron syndrome, and demonstrates that the mutation results in unstable expression of GH receptors. The only other known mutation at E180, a splice mutation previously described in an Ecuadorian cohort, detrimentally affects GH receptor trafficking.

Marianne Benn, Maria C. A. Stene, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Gorm B. Jensen, Rolf Steffensen, and Anne Tybjærg-Hansen

Common and Rare Alleles in Apolipoprotein B Contribute to Plasma Levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the General Population
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1038-1045; first published December 26 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1365 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Several common and rare alleles in apolipoprotien B gene, APOB, contribute to plasma levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, with common alleles exerting modest effects.

Lorella Marselli, Jeffrey Thorne, Yu-Bae Ahn, Abdulkadir Omer, Dennis C. Sgroi, Towia Libermann, Hasan H. Otu, Arun Sharma, Susan Bonner-Weir, and Gordon C. Weir

Gene Expression of Purified β-Cell Tissue Obtained from Human Pancreas with Laser Capture Microdissection
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1046-1053; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0931 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
This study finds laser capture microdissection an effective way to obtain and analyze {beta}-cell enriched preparations from the human pancreas without contamination by non-{beta}-cells and the trauma and ischemia of islet isolation.

Joseph C. Koster, Francesco Cadario, Cinzia Peruzzi, Carlo Colombo, Colin G. Nichols, and Fabrizio Barbetti

The G53D Mutation in Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) Is Associated with Neonatal Diabetes and Motor Dysfunction in Adulthood that Is Improved with Sulfonylurea Therapy
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1054-1061; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1826 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Data Supplement] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Developmental delay, Epilepsy, and Neonatal Diabetes (DEND) is associated with mutations in the Kir6.2 subunit gene (KCNJ11) of the KATP channel, which causes suppression of electrical activity in neurons, muscle, and pancreas. While inhibitory sulfonylureas (SUs) have been used to successfully treat the neurological features in infants with DEND, there are no reports of such improvement in adulthood. This study of an adult with intermediate DEND demonstrates that SUs can resolve motor function, and that this improvement is due to inhibition of neuronal and not skeletal muscle KATP.

Roland W. Pfaeffle, Chad S. Hunter, Jesse J. Savage, Mario Duran-Prado, Rachel D. Mullen, Zachary P. Neeb, Urs Eiholzer, Volker Hesse, Nadine G. Haddad, Heike M. Stobbe, Werner F. Blum, Johannes F. W. Weigel, and Simon J. Rhodes

Three Novel Missense Mutations within the LHX4 Gene Are Associated with Variable Pituitary Hormone Deficiencies
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1062-1071; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1525 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Screening pituitary transcription factor genes in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency finds three novel mutations in the LIM homeobox protein 4 gene, LHX4. All these patients presented with hypoplastic pituitaries and GH deficiency, with some additionally having reductions in TSH, LH, FSH, or ACTH.

Francesca Nuti, Eliana Marinari, Edit Erdei, Manal El-Hamshari, Mirna Guadalupe Echavarria, Elisabet Ars, Giancarlo Balercia, Miklos Merksz, Claudia Giachini, Kamal Zaki Mahmoud Shaeer, Gianni Forti, Eduard Ruiz-Castané, and Csilla Krausz

BRIEF REPORT:The Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 8 Gene T222P Mutation Does Not Cause Cryptorchidism
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1072-1076; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-1993 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
The etiology of most nonsyndromic (isolated) cryptorchidism cases remains unknown. This study suggests that the T222P mutation in the leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 8, LGR8, gene has no cause- effect relationship with this malformation. This finding contrasts previous studies which reported a clear, causative role for this genetic variant in cryptorchidism.

Amanda K. Huber, Eric M. Jacobson, Krystian Jazdzewski, Erlinda S. Concepcion, and Yaron Tomer

BRIEF REPORT:Interleukin (IL)-23 Receptor Is a Major Susceptibility Gene for Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: The IL-23/T-helper 17 Axis Extends to Thyroid Autoimmunity
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1077-1081; first published December 11 2007 as doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2190 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Supplemental Data] [FREE Author Manuscript (PDF)]  
Interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) gene variants are associated with Graves' ophthalmopathy, suggesting that changing expression and/or function of IL23R may increase the risk for ophthalmopathy by promoting a pro-inflammatory signaling cascade.

Announcements and Resources:

American Society of Hypertension, Inc., 23rd Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 831 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Erratum
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1082 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Erratum
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1083 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Endocrine-Related Resources from the National Institutes of Health
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1084-1087 [Full Text] [PDF]  

National Hormone & Peptide Program (NHPP): New Recombinant Hormones, Hypothalamic Peptides, Natural Hormones, New Antisera, & Expanded Hormone Assay Services Available
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: 1088-1090 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:

Lorena Drago, Amparo Gonzalez, and Mark Molitch

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:Diabetes and Nutrition: Carbohydrates
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lorena Drago, Amparo Gonzalez, and Mark Molitch

Patient Information Page from The Hormone Foundation:La diabetes y la nutrición: Carbohidratos
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93 [Full Text] [PDF]  

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