Reviews:

Earl S. Ford and Ali H. Mokdad

Review:Epidemiology of Obesity in the Western Hemisphere
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: s1-s8 doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1356 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Earn CME Credits]  
The prevalence of obesity has increased in countries throughout the Western Hemisphere, including Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Brazil.

Anoop Misra and Lokesh Khurana

Review:Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Developing Countries
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: s9-s30 doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1595 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Earn CME Credits]  
Rapidly increasing morbidity and mortality due to obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in developing countries necessitate primordial and primary prevention programs.

Anna M. G. Cali and Sonia Caprio

Review:Obesity in Children and Adolescents
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: s31-s36 doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1363 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Earn CME Credits]  
The most recent data on the prevalence, severity and racial/ethnic differences in childhood obesity are reviewed. Obesity is associated with significant health issues in this pediatric age group and is an important early risk factor for much of adult morbidity and mortality.

Stephen C. Woods and David A. D'Alessio

Review:Central Control of Body Weight and Appetite
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: s37-s50 doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1630 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Earn CME Credits]  
Hormonal and neural signals arising within the gastrointestinal tract and other organs interact in the brain to determine meal size and body weight.

Alexandra I. F. Blakemore and Philippe Froguel

Review:Is Obesity Our Genetic Legacy?
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: s51-s56 doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1676 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Earn CME Credits]  
Major recent breakthroughs in obesity genetics emphasize its neuroendocrine origin. New approaches to genomic analysis will reveal further molecular mechanisms underlying its high heritability.

Michael D. Jensen

Review:Role of Body Fat Distribution and the Metabolic Complications of Obesity
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: s57-s63 doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1585 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Earn CME Credits]  
Upper body fat distribution is associated with excess free fatty acid availability, which can, in turn, lead to metabolic abnormalities.

Neda Rasouli and Philip A. Kern

Review:Adipocytokines and the Metabolic Complications of Obesity
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: s64-s73 doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1613 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Earn CME Credits]  
The relationships between adipocytokines and inflammation are reviewed, particularly adipocytokines that have been studied in humans, with the clinical implications for obesity and insulin resistance discussed.

Giulio Marchesini, Simona Moscatiello, Silvia Di Domizio, and Gabriele Forlani

Review:Obesity-Associated Liver Disease
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: s74-s80 doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1399 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Earn CME Credits]  
The obesity epidemic is likely to put a very high number of patients at risk for advanced liver disease in the future. Strategies are needed to approach nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the population by motivating people to adopt a healthier lifestyle.

George A. Bray

Review:Lifestyle and Pharmacological Approaches to Weight Loss: Efficacy and Safety
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: s81-s88 , doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1294 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Earn CME Credits]  
Although diet, lifestyle modification, and physical activity can treat obesity, surgery provides the most dramatic and long-lasting results.

Walter J. Pories

Review:Bariatric Surgery: Risks and Rewards
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008 93: s89-s96 doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1641 [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Earn CME Credits]  
Bariatric surgery, the only effective therapy for severe obesity, can also induce full remission of such co-morbidities as diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea with limited risk.

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