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This version published online on November 6, 2007
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0325
A more recent version of this article appeared on December 1, 2007
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Submitted on October 23, 2006
Accepted on February 6, 2007

Serum retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), leptin and adiponectin concentrations are related to ectopic fat accumulation

Gianluca Perseghin*, Guido Lattuada, Francesco De Cobelli, Antonio Esposito, Elena Belloni, Tamara Canu, Francesca Ragogna, Paola Scifo, Alessandro Del Maschio, and Livio Luzi

Internal Medicine – Section of Nutrition/Metabolism; Diagnostic Radiology and, Nuclear Medicine and, Unit of Clinical Spectroscopy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy; Università Vita e Salute San Raffaele Milan Italy; Center "Physical exercise for health and wellness" Faculty of Exercise Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: perseghin.gianluca{at}hsr.it.

Context. Serum retinol binding protein (RBP)-4, leptin and adiponectin concentrations identify insulin resistance in varied conditions but their relationships with insulin sensitivity and ectopic fat accumulation are unclear.

Objective. To establish how these adipokines are related with intramyocellular (IMCL) and intra-hepatic (IHL) triglycerides content.

Design and Setting. We assessed retrospectively serum fasting RBP-4 concentrations in: 1) 53 non-diabetic individuals in which insulin sensitivity and IMCL content were assessed by means of the insulin clamp and of 1H-MRS of the calf muscles; 2) 140 non-diabetic individuals in which insulin sensitivity and the IHL content were assessed by means of the updated HOMA2 and of 1H-MRS, and in both experiments serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured.

Results. Fasting serum RBP-4, adiponectin and leptin were associated with SIP(clamp), were abnormal in the first degree relatives of type 2 diabetic parents, and correlated with the soleus IMCL content and with the IHL content. The association of RBP-4 and adiponectin with SIP(clamp) were age-, sex- and BMI-independent but stepwise regression analysis suggested that RBP-4, but not adiponectin and leptin, was independently associated with insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin was independently associated with the IHL content; RBP-4 and leptin with the soleus IMCL content.

Conclusion. Serum RBP-4 was a robust marker of insulin resistance. Serum RBP-4, leptin and adiponectin concentrations reflected ectopic fat accumulation in humans.
Key words: adipokines • FFA • insulin resistance • fatty liver • IMCL




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