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This version published online on March 13, 2007
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1318
A more recent version of this article appeared on June 1, 2007
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Submitted on June 20, 2006
Accepted on March 1, 2007

Adipose TriGlyceride Lipase (ATGL) and Hormone-Sensitive Lipase (HSL) protein expression is decreased in the obese insulin resistant state

Johan W.E. Jocken*, Dominique Langin, Egbert Smit, Wim HM Saris, Carine Valle, Gabby B Hul, Cecilia Holm, Peter Arner, and Ellen E Blaak

Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Inserm, U586, Obesity Research Unit, Toulouse, F-31432 France; Paul Sabatier University, Louis Bugnard Institute, IFR31, Toulouse, F-31432 France; CHU de Toulouse, Biochemistry Laboratory, Biology Institute of Purpan, Toulouse, F-31059 France; Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: J.Jocken{at}HB.unimaas.nl.

Aim/hypothesis: Obesity is associated with increased triacylglycerol (TAG) storage in adipose tissue and insulin resistance. The mobilization of stored TAG is mediated by HSL and the recently discovered ATGL. The aim of the present study was to examine whether ATGL and HSL mRNA and protein expression are altered in insulin resistant conditions. In addition, we investigated whether a possible impaired expression could be reversed by a period of weight reduction.

Methods: Adipose tissue biopsies were taken from obese subjects (n=44) with a wide range of insulin resistance, before and just after a 10-week hypocaloric diet. ATGL and HSL protein, and mRNA expression was determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR, respectively. Results: Fasting insulin levels and the degree of insulin resistance (HOMAir) were negatively correlated with ATGL and HSL protein expression; independent of age, gender, fat cell size and body composition. Both mRNA and protein levels of ATGL and HSL were reduced in insulin resistant compared to insulin sensitive subjects (P<0.05). Weight reduction significantly decreased ATGL and HSL mRNA and protein expression. A positive correlation between the decrease in leptin and the decrease in ATGL protein level after weight reduction was observed. Finally, ATGL and HSL mRNA and protein levels seem to be highly correlated, indicating a tight coregulation and transcriptional control.

Conclusions: In obese subjects insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are strongly associated with ATGL and HSL mRNA and protein expression independent of fat mass. Data on weight reduction indicated that also other factors (e.g. leptin) relate to ATGL and HSL protein expression.
Key words: Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) • Desnutrin • Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) • Insulin resistance • Obesity • Energy-restriction • Adipose tissue




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