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Submitted on May 8, 2006
Accepted on July 12, 2006
University of Burgundy, UPRES Lipids and Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences, Dijon, France; Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin; Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, University Hospital Farhat Hached 4000 Sousse, Tunisia; Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin; Department of Biochemistry, Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital Farhat Hached 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Naim.Khan{at}u-bourgogne.fr.
Context/Objective: Not much is known about the implication of adipokines and different cytokines in gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia. The purpose of this study was to assess the profile of these hormones and cytokines in macrosomic babies, born to gestational diabetic women.
Design/Subjects: 59 women (age, 19-42 yr), suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with their macrosomic babies (4.35 ± 0.06 kg), and 60 healthy age-matched pregnant women and their newborns (3.22 ± 0.08 kg) were selected.
Methods: Serum adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) were quantified using an Obesity-Related Multiple ELISA microarray kit. The concentrations of serum cytokines were determined by ELISA.
Results: Serum adiponectin levels were decreased, whereas the concentrations of leptin, inflammatory cytokines, like IL-6 and TNF-
, were significantly increased in gestational diabetic mothers compared with control women. The levels of these adipocytokines were diminished in macrosomic babies in comparison with their age-matched control newborns. Serum concentrations of TH1 cytokines (IL-2 and INF-
) were decreased while IL-10 levels were significantly enhanced in gestational diabetic mothers compared with control women. Macrosomic children exhibited high levels of TH1 cytokines and low levels of IL-10 compared with control infants. Serum IL-4 levels were not altered between gestational diabetic mothers and control mothers or the macrosomic babies and newborn control babies.
Conclusions: GDM is linked to the downregulation of adiponectin alongwith TH1 cytokines and up-regulation of leptin and inflammatory cytokines. Macrosomia was associated with the up-regulation of TH1 cytokines and the downregulation of the obesity-related agents (IL-6 and TNF-, leptin and adiponectin).
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