| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Submitted on December 6, 2005
Accepted on June 5, 2006
The Division of Surgery, Danderyd Hospital Karolinska Institutet, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Physiology, University of Copenhagen and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Fredrik.Levin{at}ds.se.
Context: Ghrelin is produced primarily by enteroendocrine cells in the gastric mucosa and increases gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis.
Main objective: To evaluate the effect of ghrelin on gastric emptying, appetite and postprandial hormone secretion in normal volunteers.
Design: Randomized double-blind crossover study.
Subjects: Normal human volunteers and patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency.
Intervention: Saline or ghrelin (10 pmol/kg/min) infusion for 180 min after intake of a radioactively labeled omelette (310 kcal). GH substitution in GH deficient patients.
Main outcome measures: Gastric emptying parameters and post-prandial plasma levels of ghrelin, choleystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY) and motilin.
Results: The emptying rate was significantly faster for ghrelin (1.26 ± 0.1%/min) compared with saline (0.83%/min) (P < 0.001). The lag phase (16.2 ± 2.2 and 26.5 ± 3.8 min) and T50 (49.4 ± 3.9 and 75.6 ± 4.9 min) of solid gastric emptying were shorter during ghrelin infusion compared with infusion of saline (P < 0.001). The postprandial peak in plasma concentration for CCK and GLP-1 occurred earlier and was higher during ghrelin infusion. There was no significant effect of ghrelin on plasma motilin or PYY. There was no difference in gastric emptying before and after GH-substitution.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that ghrelin increases the gastric emptying rate in normal humans. The effect does not seem to be mediated via GH or motilin, but may be mediated by the vagal nerve or directly on ghrelin receptors in the stomach. Ghrelin receptor agonists may have a role as prokinetic agents.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  H. Ariga, K. Imai, C. Chen, C. Mantyh, T. N. Pappas, and T. Takahashi Does ghrelin explain accelerated gastric emptying in the early stages of diabetes mellitus? Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): R1807 - R1812. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Ariga, K. Imai, C. Chen, C. Mantyh, T. N. Pappas, and T. Takahashi Fixed feeding potentiates interdigestive gastric motor activity in rats: importance of eating habits for maintaining interdigestive MMC Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, March 1, 2008; 294(3): G655 - G659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. C. Lasseter, L. Shaughnessy, D. Cummings, J. C. Pezzullo, W. Wargin, R. Gagnon, J. Oliva, and G. Kosutic Ghrelin Agonist (TZP-101): Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation in Healthy Volunteers: A Phase I, First-in-Human Study J. Clin. Pharmacol., February 1, 2008; 48(2): 193 - 202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. D. Holliday, B. Holst, E. A. Rodionova, T. W. Schwartz, and H. M. Cox Importance of Constitutive Activity and Arrestin-Independent Mechanisms for Intracellular Trafficking of the Ghrelin Receptor Mol. Endocrinol., December 1, 2007; 21(12): 3100 - 3112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. P. Esler, J. Rudolph, T. H. Claus, W. Tang, N. Barucci, S.-E. Brown, W. Bullock, M. Daly, L. DeCarr, Y. Li, et al. Small-Molecule Ghrelin Receptor Antagonists Improve Glucose Tolerance, Suppress Appetite, and Promote Weight Loss Endocrinology, November 1, 2007; 148(11): 5175 - 5185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Wierup, M. Bjorkqvist, B. Westrom, S. Pierzynowski, F. Sundler, and K. Sjolund Ghrelin and Motilin Are Cosecreted from a Prominent Endocrine Cell Population in the Small Intestine J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2007; 92(9): 3573 - 3581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Piccoli, L. Degen, C. MacLean, S. Peter, L. Baselgia, F. Larsen, C. Beglinger, and J. Drewe Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effects of an Oral Ghrelin Agonist in Healthy Subjects J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2007; 92(5): 1814 - 1820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z.-F. Guo, X. Zheng, Y.-W. Qin, J.-Q. Hu, S.-P. Chen, and Z. Zhang Circulating Preprandial Ghrelin to Obestatin Ratio Is Increased in Human Obesity J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2007; 92(5): 1875 - 1880. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Sallam, H. M. Oliveira, H. T. Gan, D. N. Herndon, and J. D. Z. Chen Ghrelin improves burn-induced delayed gastrointestinal transit in rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): R253 - R257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Naslund and J. G. Kral Impact of Gastric Bypass Surgery on Gut Hormones and Glucose Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes, December 1, 2006; 55(Supplement_2): S92 - S97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. O. L. Jorgensen A simple twist of science: the convoluted tale of ghrelin continues. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2006; 91(9): 3279 - 3280. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
