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Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, San Francisco, CA; Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Joan.C.Lo{at}kp.org.
Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with menstrual and reproductive abnormalities, insulin resistance and obesity. Objective: To determine the prevalence of diagnosed PCOS and its association with cardiovascular risk factors. Setting: Integrated health care delivery system in northern California. Patients: 11,035 women with PCOS were identified by 
1 outpatient diagnoses of PCOS using health plan databases. An age-matched sample of women without PCOS was also selected. Outcome Measures: Prevalence of PCOS and targeted cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and body mass index, BMI). Results: During 2002-2004, the prevalence of diagnosed PCOS among female members aged 25-34 yr was 2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6%-1.7%). Women with diagnosed PCOS were more likely than those without PCOS to be obese (BMI 30 mg/m2: OR 4.21, 3.96-4.47). Furthermore, PCOS was associated with diabetes (OR 2.45, CI 2.16-2.79), hypertension (OR 1.41, 1.31-1.51) and known dyslipidemia (OR 1.53, 1.39-1.68), even after adjusting for BMI and known confounders. Among women with PCOS, compared with Whites, Blacks and Hispanics were more likely and Asians less likely to be obese; Asians and Hispanics were more likely to have diabetes, and Blacks were more likely and Hispanics less likely to have hypertension. Conclusions: Within a large, community-based population receiving health care, diagnosed PCOS was highly prevalent and associated with a much higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors that varied by race/ethnicity. Our prevalence estimates likely underestimate the true prevalence of PCOS. Further studies are needed to explore racial/ethnic differences and the extent to which PCOS contributes to future cardiovascular risk.
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