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Submitted on May 11, 2005
Accepted on December 16, 2005
Nutrition Service, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; Department of Biochemistry, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France; INSERM U-508, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mromon{at}univ-lille2.fr.
Background. Diet-induced weight loss is associated with an increase in fasting ghrelin. The influence of weight loss on postprandial ghrelin response remains discussed, and the specific response to macronutrients is not known.
Objective. To assess the influence of weight loss in obese women on the plasma ghrelin response to a fat- or carbohydrate-rich meal.
Design. 17 obese women (mean BMI 37.6 ± 5 kg/m2) were given an energy-restricted diet (800 kcal/day) for 7 weeks, followed by a maintenance diet for 1 week. Before and after the weight reduction diet, each woman was given (in random order) two iso-energetic test meals, corresponding to 40% of daily energy needs. The test meals contained either 80% fat and 20% protein or 80% carbohydrate and 20% protein. Blood samples were collected over a 10-hour period. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to assess the effect of the test meal on variables.
Results. Weight loss (-11.2 ± 1.4 kg) was associated with a significant decrease in baseline plasma insulin (9.7 ± 4.1 to 7.9 ± 2.4 mU/ml; P < 0.0001) and leptin (25.9 ± 8.3 to 17.2 ± 7.8 ng/ml; P < 0.0001) and an increase in plasma ghrelin (1.86 ± 1.05 to 2.28 ± 1.48 ng/ml; P < 0.05). Before weight loss, there was no significant difference in postprandial ghrelin response between the test meals. After weight reduction, the ghrelin response was more pronounced after the carbohydrate test meal than after the fat test meal (P < 0.02).
Conclusion. Weight loss is associated with an improved postprandial plasma ghrelin response to a carbohydrate meal, whereas the response to a fat meal is not modified.
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