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Submitted on January 26, 2005
Accepted on May 19, 2005
Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis; Pediatric Rheumatology/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics; Institute of Medical Chemistry and Pregl Laboratory; Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: harald.mangge{at}meduni-graz.at.
Context: There is growing evidence that adiponectin, the most abundant adipocytokine of adipose tissue cells, plays a crucial role in advanced atherosclerosis.
Objective: To evaluate the role of adiponectin in early atherosclerosis.
Design: One hundred and fourty obese juveniles (mean age 13.5 ± 4.4 yr) and 100 age matched, healthy, normal weight controls from STYJOBS (STYrian Juvenile Obesity Study) were investigated. We measured adipocytokines, inflammatory biomarkers, parameters of insulin resistance and lipid subfractions. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid arteries (CCA) was determined by ultrasonography. Furthermore, lipometric measurements were performed in obese juveniles to determine the topographic distribution of sc adipose tissue (SAT).
Results: Compared with controls, the group of obese juveniles exhibited a significantly increased IMT (P < 0.001) and elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P < 0.001) indicating early stages of atherosclerosis. Serum levels of adiponectin were highly significantly negatively correlated with carotid IMT, even after controlling for common cardiovascular risk factors (P < 0.001, r = -0.34). Furthermore, adiponectin was positively correlated with HDL-free cholesterol and serum apolipoprotein-A1, and negatively with triglycerides, insulin resistance, uric acid, and serum transaminases. By a multiple regression analysis, adiponectin turned out as the strongest predictive variable for carotid IMT. Finally, adiponectin was found positively correlated with SAT-thickness of the rear and inner thigh in males, and negatively with the SAT-thickness of the neck in females.
Conclusion: In summary, our study describes an influence of SAT topography on adiponectin serum levels, and provides first evidence that incipient atherosclerosis is associated with low serum levels of this adipocytokine.
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