| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Submitted on January 6, 2005
Accepted on May 16, 2005
Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Departments of Psychiatry and Health Evaluation Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eob1{at}psu.edu.
Context: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is commonly considered a cardinal sign of sleep apnea, however, the mechanism underlying the association is unclear.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the complaint of EDS and sleep apnea considering a wide range of possible risk factors in a population sample.
Design & Setting: We examined this question in the Penn State Cohort (a random sample of 16,583 men and women from Central Pennsylvania, ranging in age from 20 to 100 yr). A random subset of this cohort (n = 1,741) was further evaluated for one night in the sleep laboratory.
Main outcome measure: Complaint of EDS.
Results: The final Logistic Regression model indicated depression was the most significant risk factor for EDS followed by BMI, age, typical sleep duration, diabetes, smoking and finally sleep apnea. The strength of the association with EDS decreased with increasing age, whereas the association of depression with EDS was stronger in the young. EDS is more prevalent in the young (<30 yr), suggesting the presence of unmet sleep needs and depression, and in the very old (>75 yr) suggesting increasing medical illness and health problems. EDS was associated with a reduced report of typical sleep duration without any association with objective polysomnographic measures.
Conclusions: It appears that the presence of EDS is more strongly associated with depression and metabolic factors than with SDB or sleep disruption per se. Our findings suggest that patients with a complaint of EDS should be thoroughly assessed for depression and obesity/diabetes independent of whether SDB is present.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  B. Buyse and the participants of working group 2 Treatment effects of sleep apnoea: where are we now? Eur. Respir. Rev., December 1, 2007; 16(106): 146 - 168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. N. Vgontzas, S. Pejovic, E. Zoumakis, H.-M. Lin, C. M. Bentley, E. O. Bixler, A. Sarrigiannidis, M. Basta, and G. P. Chrousos Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity in Obese Men with and without Sleep Apnea: Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2007; 92(11): 4199 - 4207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Montserrat, F. Garcia-Rio, and F. Barbe Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Nonsleepy Apnea Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 1, 2007; 176(1): 6 - 9. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ursavas, M. Karadag, Y. O. Ilcol, B. Burgazlioglu, I. Ercan, and R. O. Gozu Relationship Between Serum Substance P Levels and Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Chest, May 1, 2007; 131(5): 1400 - 1405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. J. Foley, M. V. Vitiello, D. L. Bliwise, S. Ancoli-Israel, A. A. Monjan, and J. K. Walsh Frequent Napping Is Associated With Excessive Daytime Sleepiness, Depression, Pain, and Nocturia in Older Adults: Findings From the National Sleep Foundation '2003 Sleep in America' Poll Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, April 1, 2007; 15(4): 344 - 350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. T. McNicholas, M. R. Bonsignore, and the Management Committee of EU COST ACTION B26 Sleep apnoea as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: current evidence, basic mechanisms and research priorities Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2007; 29(1): 156 - 178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. N VGONTZAS, E. O BIXLER, and G. P CHROUSOS Obesity-Related Sleepiness and Fatigue: The Role of the Stress System and Cytokines Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 1, 2006; 1083(1): 329 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ryan, C. T. Taylor, and W. T. McNicholas Predictors of Elevated Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B-dependent Genes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2006; 174(7): 824 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Steptoe, V. Peacey, and J. Wardle Sleep duration and health in young adults. Arch Intern Med, September 18, 2006; 166(16): 1689 - 1692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
Read all eLetters
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
