| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Submitted on August 19, 2004
Accepted on January 28, 2005
Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch, NIMH, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 2089 -1284 (S.A., P.M., D.S.R., S.J.L., M.A.K., P.W.G.); Pediatric and Reproductive Endocrinology Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1583 (S.K., I.I., A.R.A., G.P.C.); Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761 (J.L.); Cardiac Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 (H.K.G.)
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: alescisa{at}mail.nih.gov.
BACKGROUND. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with increased risk for premature coronary heart disease (CHD) and bone loss. Single time measurements of plasma IL-6, a good predictor of future risk for both cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, revealed significant elevations in depressed patients. The objective of this study was to rigorously compare plasma IL-6 levels, measured over 24 h, in MDD patients and healthy controls. Given the activating role of IL-6 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and the relevance of its dysregulation in MDD, we also analyzed the relations between IL-6 and cortisol levels. METHODS. We studied 9 patients and 9 controls, individually matched by gender, age (± 5 yr), BMI (± 2 kg/m2) and menstrual cycle phase. Diagnosis of MDD was confirmed by structured clinical interview (SCID-I for DSM-IV). Self-reported mood ratings were assessed by multiple visual analog scales (MVAS). The rhythmicity and complexity of IL-6 and cortisol secretion were tested by cosinor analyses, approximate entropy (ApEn) and cross-approximate entropy (Cross-ApEn) algorithms. RESULTS. MDD patients had significant mean IL-6 elevations from 1000 h to 1200 h, and at 1500 h (p ranging from <0.05 to <0.01), vs. controls. In addition, in MDD, the circadian rhythm of IL-6 was shifted by 12 h, and its physiologic complexity was reduced, with no difference in the Cross-ApEn of IL-6 and cortisol between the two groups, and significant time-lagged correlations only in the controls. IL-6 levels correlated significantly with mood-ratings. CONCLUSIONS. We report profound morning elevations of plasma IL-6 and a reversal of its circadian rhythm in MDD patients, in the absence of hypercortisolism. These findings may be relevant to the increased risk for CHD and bone loss in MDD.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  A. H. Miller and C. L. Raison Immune System Contributions to the Pathophysiology of Depression Focus, January 1, 2008; 6(1): 36 - 45. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Eskandari, P. E. Martinez, S. Torvik, T. M. Phillips, E. M. Sternberg, S. Mistry, D. Ronsaville, R. Wesley, C. Toomey, N. G. Sebring, et al. Low Bone Mass in Premenopausal Women With Depression Arch Intern Med, November 26, 2007; 167(21): 2329 - 2336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. H. Glassman, J. T. Bigger, M. Gaffney, and L. T. Van Zyl Heart Rate Variability in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Major Depression: Influence of Sertraline and Mood Improvement Arch Gen Psychiatry, September 1, 2007; 64(9): 1025 - 1031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Jankord, J. R. Turk, J. C. Schadt, J. Casati, V. K. Ganjam, E. M. Price, D. H. Keisler, and M. H. Laughlin Sex Difference in Link between Interleukin-6 and Stress Endocrinology, August 1, 2007; 148(8): 3758 - 3764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. K. Boehnlein Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatric Care: Looking Back, Looking Ahead Transcultural Psychiatry, December 1, 2006; 43(4): 634 - 651. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Yirmiya, I. Goshen, A. Bajayo, T. Kreisel, S. Feldman, J. Tam, V. Trembovler, V. Csernus, E. Shohami, and I. Bab From the Cover: Depression induces bone loss through stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system PNAS, November 7, 2006; 103(45): 16876 - 16881. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. B. Taylor, A. Conrad, F. H. Wilhelm, E. Neri, A. DeLorenzo, M. A. Kramer, J. Giese-Davis, W. T. Roth, R. Oka, J. P. Cooke, et al. Psychophysiological and Cortisol Responses to Psychological Stress in Depressed and Nondepressed Older Men and Women With Elevated Cardiovascular Disease Risk Psychosom Med, July 1, 2006; 68(4): 538 - 546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
