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Submitted on June 30, 2004
Accepted on December 20, 2004
Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Department of Endocrinology, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Section of Preventive Cardiology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kerstin.landin{at}sahlgrenska.se.
Turner syndrome (TS) is caused by a sex-chromosome aberration. The aim was to study the prevalence and incidence of thyroid disease in adults with TS.
Women with TS, n = 91, mean age 37.7 ± 11 yr, were compared with an age-matched female random-population sample, n = 228. At baseline, 15 (16%) TS women were treated for hypothyroidism and elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was found in another 8 (9%). As a result, hypothyroidism was more common in TS, 25%, than in controls, 2% (P < 0.0001). Serum-free thyroxin was lower (P = 0.02) and serum TSH higher (P < 0.0001) in TS than in age-matched controls. Of all TS with hypothyroidism, 10 (43%) had an elevated thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody titer vs. 15 (22%) of those without hypothyroidism (P < 0.05), evenly distributed between the karyotype 45,X and mosaicism. A high body mass index, but not a family history or blood lipids, were associated with hypothyroidism in TS. After the five-year follow-up, a further 11 (16%) developed hypothyroidism, of whom 4 (36%) had elevated TPO. Altogether, 34 (37%) TS women had hypothyroidism after the five-year follow-up.
Autoimmune hypothyroidism was common, with an annual incidence of 3.2% in TS. Thyroid function should be checked regularly in TS.
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