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Regulation of Appetite in Lean and Obese Adolescents after Exercise: Role of Acylated and Desacyl Ghrelin

Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital (K.J.M., A.C.K.W., J.-P.C.) and Departments of Medicine (G.S.M.) and Food, Nutrition, and Health (S.I.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and Department of Surgery (D.E.), Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Jean-Pierre Chanoine, M.D., Ph.D., Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Room K4-212, British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3V4. E-mail: jchanoine{at}cw.bc.ca.

Context: Increased physical activity is an integral part of weight loss programs in adolescents. We hypothesized that exercise could affect appetite-regulating hormones and the subjective desire to eat, which could partly explain the poor success rate of the existing interventions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate prospectively the effects of exercise on acylated ghrelin (AG) and desacyl ghrelin (DG) concentrations and on appetite.

Setting: The setting for this study was a tertiary care center.

Participants: Normal-weight [NW; body mass index (mean ± SE), 20.7 ± 0.5 kg/m²] and overweight (OW; body mass index, 32.4 ± 1.7) male adolescents (n = 17/group, age 15.3 ± 0.2 yr) were studied.

Intervention: Those studied participated in 5 consecutive days of aerobic exercise (1 h/d).

Main Outcome: Changes in AG and DG concentrations and in appetite during a test meal were studied.

Results: Exercise did not significantly affect insulin sensitivity or body weight. Fasting total (AG and DG) ghrelin concentrations were lower in OW (600 ± 33 pg/ml) compared with NW (764 ± 33 pg/ml, P < 0.05) boys and were not affected by exercise. In contrast, there was a differential effect of exercise on both AG and DG (P 0.019). AG significantly increased after exercise, and this increase was greater in NW compared with OW adolescents (P < 0.05). Higher AG concentrations were correlated with an increase in markers of appetite (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Exercise differentially affects AG and DG in NW and OW male adolescents. Our data suggest that total ghrelin does not adequately reflect AG and DG concentrations and that the influence of exercise-induced hormonal changes should be considered to ensure success in weight management.

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