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Effect of Thiazolidinedione Treatment on Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Premenopausal Women at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

Departments of Preventive Medicine (A.H.X., R.K.P., S.T., C.W., S.P.A., H.N.H.), Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.L.K., T.A.B.), and Medicine (C.O., A.M., J.G., C.-r.L., C.-h.L., H.N.H., T.A.B.), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90089-9317

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Thomas A. Buchanan, M.D., University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Room 6602 GNH, 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles, California 90089-9317. E-mail: buchanan{at}usc.edu.

We tested the effects of treatment with a thiazolidinedione drug on rates of progression of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and some putative determinants of CIMT in young women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. A total of 266 nondiabetic, Hispanic women with recent gestational diabetes were randomized to placebo or troglitazone. CIMT measurements were made at baseline, annually, and at study end, together with measurements of obesity, serum lipids, and glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance tests. Insulin sensitivity (minimal model analysis) was measured at baseline and 3 months later. Data were analyzed to compare CIMT progression rates between treatment groups and investigate potential determinants of differences in CIMT progression.

One hundred ninety-two women had a CIMT measurement at baseline and at least one follow-up visit. The mean rate of CIMT change was 31% lower in women assigned to troglitazone (P = 0.048). This intergroup difference was not explained by baseline or on-trial differences in obesity, lipids, glucose, or insulin. The reduction in CIMT progression developed gradually, occurred only in women who had an increase in insulin sensitivity, and was unrelated to the presence of the metabolic syndrome at baseline.

Troglitazone reduced the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis via a mechanism that involved unmeasured mediators of atherosclerosis, either in the circulation or directly in the arterial wall.

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