The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 92, No. 8 17a
Copyright © 2007 by The Endocrine Society
Endocrinology & Metabolism News, August 2007
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Endocrine Discovery
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No greater cardiovascular causes or all-causes mortality was observed in an interim analysis of an ongoing study of rosiglitazone-treated type 2 diabetes patients, although rosiglitazone therapy was associated with increased heart failure risk. Data were insufficient to determine whether the drug was associated with an increase in the risk of myocardial infarction.
(N Engl J Med [July 5, 2007] 357:28)[CrossRef]
Among 2435 U.S. children, high incidences of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (17 to 49 per 100,000 person-years) were documented among 15- to 19-year-old adolescents from minority groups, although type 2 remained less common than type 1 diabetes among children in a multiethnic, population-based study.
(JAMA [June 27, 2007] 297:2716)
Overweight and obesity, particularly at younger ages, substantially increased lifetime risk of diabetes, although their impact on diabetes risk, life expectancy, and diabetes duration decreased with advancing age among 780,694 National Health Interview Survey respondents.
(Diabetes Care [June 2007] 30:1562)[CrossRef]
Normalization of previously diminished GLP-1 and GIP release after an oral glucose load was seen in obese women with diabetes one month after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery— suggesting a mechanism for improved insulin secretion relatively soon after bypass surgery.
(Diabetes Care [July 2007] 30:1709)[CrossRef]
The phytoestrogen genistein had beneficial effects on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers, but also had gastrointestinal side effects in a 24-month double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial of postmenopausal women with low bone density.
(Ann Intern Med [June 19, 2007] 146 (12):839)
Calcified-plaque scores in the coronary arteries were lower in women receiving estrogen than controls in a subset of participants in the Women’s Health Initiative, who had been aged 50–59 at enrollment and taken estrogen for a mean of 7.4 years.
(N Engl J Med [June 21, 2007] 2591)
Among 3809 patients age 65 years or older with coronary heart disease and initial LDL cholesterol less than 130 mg/dL, atorvastatin 80 mg per day, as compared with 10 mg per day, reduced the cumulative risk of coronary and cerebrovascular disease events by 19% in association with lowering LDL cholesterol levels to less than 100 mg/dL.
(Ann Intern Med [July 3, 2007] 147:1)
Dietary counseling interventions were found to produce only modest weight loss that diminished over time in a meta-analysis of studies.
(Ann Intern Med [July 3, 2007] 147:41)
After in vitro fertilization in women aged 35 to 41 years, preimplantation genetic screening actually lessened the number of ongoing pregnancies and live births in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
(N Engl J Med [July 5, 2007] 357:9)[CrossRef]
Short-term mental stress did not affect glycemic control in 20 type 1 diabetes patients assessed while riding high-speed rollercoasters.
(Diabetes Care [June 2007] 30:1599)[CrossRef]
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Endocrine Practice
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The number of Americans without health insurance increased in 2006, including 20% of those working aged 18 to 64 (versus 19% in 2005), and 15% of the general population, according to a CDC study based on 100,000 household interviews nationwide. (For more information, contact CDC National Center for Health Statistics Press Office, (301) 458-4800) or nchsquery{at}cdc.gov.)
U.S. obesity rates increased from 13% in the 1960s to 32% in 2004 according to a report from Johns Hopkins, where investigators predict that by 2015, 75 percent of U.S. adults and nearly one-quarter of U.S. children and adolescents could be overweight or obese based on current trends. (For more information, contact Kenna Lowe or Tim Parsons, 410-955-6878.)
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Milestones in Endocrinology
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50 years ago, Solomon Berson and Rosalyn Yallow described measurement of plasma insulin by the novel technique of radioimmunoassay.
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In the Journal 25 Years Ago
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Sequential deiodination of thyroxine in human thyroid gland. Ishii H, Inada M, Tanaka K, Mashio Y, Naito K, Nishikawa M, Matsuzuka F, Kuma K, Imura H.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982;55:890–6.[Abstract]
"These results indicate the existence of 5-deiodinase that produces rT3 from T4 and 3,3'-T2 from T3, and 5'-deiodinase that produces T3 from T4 and 3,3'-T2 from rT3 in human thyroids. Accelerated conversion of T4 to 3,3'-T2 via either T3 or rT3 was observed in Graves’ thyroid glands."
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Footnotes
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Readers are encouraged to suggest items for Endocrinology and Metabolism News by email (sherman{at}endo-society.org). Submissions will be considered based on their significance and timeliness.
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