TABLE 2. Effect of RYGB surgery on incidence of nutritional deficiencies
| Study |
Roux limb |
n |
Follow-up, months |
Study design |
Incidence of nutritional deficiencies
|
| Fe |
B12 |
Folate |
Anemia |
A |
D |
Alb |
Ca |
|
| Brolin et al. (66 ) |
5075 cm |
80 |
24 |
Prospective |
52 |
37 |
|
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
150 cm |
102 |
24 |
|
45 |
33 |
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
265570 cm |
39 |
24 |
|
49 |
8 |
|
74 |
10 |
51 |
13 |
10 |
| Halverson (67 ) |
|
74 |
36 |
Case series |
49 |
64 |
38 |
35 |
10 |
|
0 |
|
| Kalfarentzos et al. (68 ) |
Standard distal |
38 |
17 |
Case series |
13 |
21 |
|
32 |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
17 |
14 |
|
6 |
12 |
|
18 |
|
|
6 |
|
| Marcuard et al. (73 ) |
|
429 |
22 |
Case series |
|
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Skroubis et al. (69 )1 |
6080 cm |
55 |
24 |
Case series |
29 |
36 |
0 |
47 |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
48 |
|
39 |
33 |
0 |
44 |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
60 |
|
25 |
25 |
0 |
50 |
|
|
0 |
|
|
Fe deficiency was not defined (66 ) or defined as serum iron levels less than 60 (67 ), less than 35 (68 ), or 50 µg/dl or less (69 ). Vitamin B12 deficiency was not defined (66 ) or defined as serum vitamin B12 levels less than 200 (67 68 69 ) or less than 180 pg/ml (73 ). Folate deficiency was defined as serum folate levels less than 3 (67 ) or 1.5 ng/ml or less (69 ). Anemia was not defined (66 ) or defined as hematocrit 39% or less for men and 34% or less for women (67 ), hematocrit less than 40% or hemoglobin less than 13.5 g/dl for men and hematocrit less than 37% or hemoglobin less than 12.5 g/dl for women (68 ), or hemoglobin 13.5 g/dl or less for men and 12.5 g/dl or less for women (69 ). Vitamin A deficiency was not defined (66 ) or defined as serum vitamin A levels less than 20 µg/dl. Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies were not defined (66 ). Protein deficiency was not defined (66 ) or defined as serum albumin levels less than 3 (67 69 ) or less than 3.5 g/dl (68 ). Fe, Iron; B12, vitamin B12; A, vitamin A; D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Alb, serum albumin; Ca, calcium; , data not available.
1 The sample size decreased from 55 to 18 at 48 months and eight at 60 months.