help button home button Endocrine Society JCEM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a related Letter to the Editor
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Reprints, Permissions and Rights
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Dal Maso, L.
Right arrow Articles by La Vecchia, C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Dal Maso, L.
Right arrow Articles by La Vecchia, C.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 89, No. 3 1160-1163
Copyright © 2004 by The Endocrine Society

Circulating Adiponectin and Endometrial Cancer Risk

Luigino Dal Maso, Livia S. A. Augustin, Aspasia Karalis, Renato Talamini, Silvia Franceschi, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Christos S. Mantzoros and Carlo La Vecchia

Servizio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (L.D.M., L.S.A.A., R.T.), Aviano 33081, Italy; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto and the Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael’s Hospital (L.S.A.A.), Toronto M5C 2T2, Canada; Human Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School (A.K, C.S.M.), Boston, Massachusetts 02215; International Agency for Research on Cancer (S.F.), Lyon 69008, France; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health (D.T.), Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri (C.L.V.), Milan 20157, Italy; and Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano (C.L.V.), Milan 20133, Italy

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Luigino Dal Maso, Servizio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Via Pedemontana Occidentale, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy. E-mail: epidemiology{at}cro.it.


   Abstract
Top
 Abstract
Introduction
 Subjects and Methods
 Results
 Discussion
 References
 
Circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone with insulin-sensitizing properties, are decreased in conditions related to obesity and hyperinsulinemia, which are recognized risk factors for endometrial cancer. Eighty-seven cases with incident, histologically confirmed endometrial cancer and 132 controls admitted for acute, nonneoplastic diseases were interviewed in northeastern Italy between 1999 and 2002, and blood samples were collected. Levels of adiponectin were evaluated in samples by means of a RIA. An inverse association with endometrial cancer risk emerged for plasma adiponectin levels [odds ratio (OR), 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.94] when comparing the highest vs. the lowest tertiles. Similar results emerged for serum adiponectin (OR, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.14–0.68). The association was stronger in pre- than in postmenopausal women, but no significant heterogeneity was observed across strata of body mass index (BMI) or parity. BMI and adiponectin showed independent effects on the risk of endometrial cancer according to a multiplicative model (OR, 6.45 in the highest level of BMI and in the lowest one of adiponectin).


   Introduction
Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
Subjects and Methods
 Results
 Discussion
 References
 
ADIPONECTIN IS A recently discovered protein secreted by adipocytes that acts as an antidiabetic and antiatherogenic hormone (1, 2, 3). Circulating levels of adiponectin are reduced in conditions related to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, such as visceral obesity and type 2 diabetes (3). These conditions are also recognized risk factors for endometrial cancer (4, 5). The associations of overweight and obesity with endometrial cancer have generally been explained in terms of increased aromatization of androstenedione to estrone in adipose tissue and, hence, in circulating estrogen levels. However, the association between diabetes and endometrial cancer is not totally accounted for by overweight (6, 7, 8, 9). Insulin resistance and related low adiponectin levels may, therefore, help explain the missing link among obesity, diabetes, and endometrial cancer risk (10, 11).

In a case-control study of 84 cases and 84 controls from Greece (12), an increase in adiponectin by 1 SD was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of endometrial cancer of 0.44 among women under 65 yr of age, after allowance for body mass index (BMI). To provide additional information on the issue, we have conducted a hospital-based case-control study of endometrial cancer in Pordenone (North-Eastern Italy). As limited evidence is available concerning the possible role of plasma and serum levels of adiponectin and their potential impact on chronic diseases such as endometrial cancer, we performed the adiponectin assay on both serum and plasma.


   Subjects and Methods
Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Subjects and Methods
Results
 Discussion
 References
 
Between 1999 and 2002, we interviewed 87 women, aged 34–78 yr (median age, 62 yr) with incident, histologically confirmed endometrial cancer. Three (4%) cases had stage 0, 50 (62%) had stage I, 11 (14%) stage II, and 17 (21%) had stage III or IV. Controls were 132 women, aged 29–79 yr (median age, 61 yr), who had an intact uterus and had been admitted to the same hospital network for acute nonneoplastic conditions unrelated to gynecological, hormonal, or metabolic disorders or to dietary modifications. Eighty-seven percent of controls were admitted for traumas, and 13% for other miscellaneous illnesses, such as eye, nose, or throat disorders.

Trained interviewers in hospital wards collected information on sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, smoking habits, physical activity, height and weight, selected medical conditions, menstrual and reproductive factors, and use of hormone replacement therapy. To assess the diet, including total energy intake, a validated food frequency questionnaire was used, including 78 foods, food groups, or recipes (13).

Two controls (1.4%) and no cases refused the interview. All study participants signed written informed consent and donated a 15-ml blood sample [7.5-ml Vacutainer (SARSTED, Nümbrecht, Germany) tubes with EDTA and 7.5-ml Vacutainer tubes without EDTA] on the day the interview took place (generally the first day of the hospital stay). Blood samples were kept refrigerated and were processed, within 12 h from collection, at the National Cancer Institute of Aviano. They were centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 20 min, extracted, and distributed into different cryotubes of serum, plasma, buffy coat, and red blood cells. All samples were stored at -80 C. Serum and plasma samples were sent to the Human Nutritional Research Unit, Harvard Medical School (Boston, MA), for testing (12). Adiponectin analysis was blindly performed by RIA with a sensitivity of 2 ng/ml and an intraassay coefficient of variation of 8%.

ORs and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for tertiles of plasma and serum adiponectin were computed using unconditional multiple logistic regression models, including terms for age, education, parity, smoking status, BMI (kilograms per meter squared) and hormone replacement therapy (14). To evaluate dose-response effects, tests for linear trend were assessed, by means of the {chi}2 ({chi}12 trend) on the variables considered categorical by computing the difference between the deviance of the model with and that without the variables of interest (14).


   Results
Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Subjects and Methods
 Results
Discussion
 References
 
Table 1Go shows the distribution of cases and controls by sociodemographic and other selected variables. Cases were more frequently overweight (OR, 5.87 for BMI >=30 vs. BMI < 25), less frequently parous (OR, 0.49), tended to report later menopause (OR, 1.86), and more frequently had a family history of endometrial cancer (OR, 2.01) than controls. Plasma adiponectin was weakly correlated with age (Spearman r = 0.09), energy intake (r = -0.08), and BMI (r = -0.18). Plasma and serum levels of adiponectin showed a strong correlation (r = 0.61).


View this table:
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		TABLE 1. Distribution of 87 cases of endometrial cancer and 132 controls, OR, and corresponding 95% CI by sociodemographic factors and selected variables

 
Table 2Go shows the associations of endometrial cancer with plasma and serum adiponectin levels. The OR was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.19–0.94) for the highest tertile of plasma adiponectin and 0.30 (95% CI, 0.14–0.68) for the highest tertile of serum adiponectin. Premenopausal women showed a stronger inverse association with levels of plasma adiponectin (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.00–0.73).


View this table:
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		TABLE 2. OR and corresponding 95% CI of endometrial cancer according to plasma and serum levels of adiponectin in the total population and in different strata of menopausal status

 
The relation among adiponectin, BMI, and endometrial cancer risk is examined in Fig. 1Go and Table 3Go. Cases showed a lower median level of plasma adiponectin [median, 11.4; interquartile range (IQR), 6.5–17.1], than controls (median, 16.0; IQR, 8.4–22.5; Fig. 1Go). Conversely, BMI was higher in cases (median, 27.8; IQR, 25.4–32.0) than controls (median, 25.1; IQR, 22.3–27.9).



View larger version (17K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		FIG. 1. Distribution of endometrial cancer cases and controls according to plasma levels of adiponectin (micrograms per milliliter) and BMI (kilograms per meter squared).

 

View this table:
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		TABLE 3. OR and corresponding 95% CI of endometrial cancer according to the combined effect of plasma levels of adiponectin and BMI

 
The combined effect of plasma adiponectin and BMI in endometrial cancer risk in women is shown in Table 3Go. Compared with subjects with low BMI and high plasma adiponectin, the OR for women with high BMI and low plasma adiponectin was 6.45 (95% CI, 2.55–16.35). Similar results were seen for serum adiponectin (OR, 10.17; 95% CI: 3.82–27.09). Additional analyses with respect to the combination of high total energy intake (>=2300 kcal) and low adiponectin levels led to an OR of 2.75 (95% CI, 1.16–6.52) for plasma and 3.19 (95% CI, 1.36–7.44) for serum adiponectin (data not shown in tables). The exclusion of patients diagnosed at stage III or IV (17 cases) did not materially change any of the results. Moreover, the additional adjustment for waist to hip ratio did not appreciably modify the results.


   Discussion
Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Subjects and Methods
 Results
 Discussion
References
 
The present analysis provides strong evidence that serum and plasma levels of adiponectin are inversely related to endometrial cancer risk, even after allowance for BMI and other major identified potential confounding factors (15). The combination of high BMI and low adiponectin levels led to a more than 6-fold excess risk.

As in a Greek study (12), the inverse association was apparently stronger in younger women, particularly in premenopausal ones. The inclusion of young women with anovulation or polycystic ovary syndrome (4, 16), a disease characterized by several factors directly associated with endometrial cancer (4, 11, 17), may at least in part explain this finding.

The observation that overweight and adiponectin have independent roles in endometrial cancer risk indicates that the two mechanisms, possibly reflecting excess estrogen levels and insulin resistance, have multiplicative effects in endometrial carcinogenesis. We also observed that diets with high glycemic index and load, which are related to high levels of blood glucose, insulin, and possibly IGFs, are directly related to endometrial cancer risk (18).

Insulin stimulates the growth of endometrial stromal cells through direct binding to insulin receptors on endometrial cell membranes (19). An association between adiponectin and leptin binding protein was recently demonstrated (20), even if the direction of the causal relationship between them and the possibility of regulation by another, as yet unidentified, common factor deserves further investigation. However, the limited information available on the potential interaction among adiponectin, leptin, insulin, and IGF components on the mechanism of endometrial carcinogenesis (12) suggests cautious conclusions. Furthermore, adiponectin levels, as recently shown, are negatively and independently associated with estradiol, whereas no association emerged between leptin, cortisol, or free testosterone and adiponectin (21).

Although our study was hospital-based, it is unlikely that bias or confounding substantially influenced the main findings, because the catchment areas of cases and controls were similar, participation was practically complete, major identified risk factors were consistent with our knowledge of endometrial carcinogenesis, and allowance was made for major potential confounding factors. Reproducibility of self-reported medical history, menstrual, and reproductive factors were satisfactory (22). Moreover, self-reported anthropometric measures were not biased between cases and controls (23). Interview and blood collection were made in the majority of study subjects on the first day of hospital admission and for cancer cases always before surgical or radiation treatment. Moreover, in the present study the distribution of endometrial cancer cases by stage was similar to that reported in a larger series from developed countries (24) with a predominance of localized (stage I) cancers.

In conclusion, analyses of adiponectin in serum and plasma samples yielded consistent results; thus, either plasma or serum measurements could be used in future studies.


   Acknowledgments
 
We thank Mrs. O. Volpato for training and supervising the interviewers, and Mrs. L. Mei for editorial assistance.


   Footnotes
 
This work was supported by the Italian Association for Cancer Research and the Italian League against Tumours.

Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; OR, odds ratio.

Received October 6, 2003.

Accepted December 16, 2003.


   References
Top
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Subjects and Methods
 Results
 Discussion
 References
 

  1. Maeda K, Okubo K, Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Matsubara K 1996 cDNA cloning and expression of a novel adipose specific collagen-like factor, apM1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 221:286–289[CrossRef][Medline]
  2. Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Ito Y, Tsuchida A, Yokomizo T, Kita S, Sugiyama T, Miyagishi M, Hara K, Tsounoda M, Murakami K, Ohteki T, Uchida S, Takekawa S, Waki H, Tsuno NH, Shibata Y, Terauchi Y, Froguel P, Tobe K, Koyasu S, Taira K, Kitamura T, Shimizu T, Nagai R, Kadowaki T 2003 Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects. Nature 423:762–769[CrossRef][Medline]
  3. Diez JJ, Iglesias P 2003 The role of the novel adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin in human disease. Eur J Endocrinol 146:293–300
  4. Parazzini F, La Vecchia C, Bocciolone L, Franceschi S 1991 The epidemiology of endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 41:1–16[CrossRef][Medline]
  5. Grady D, Ernster VL 1996 Endometrial cancer. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF, eds. Cancer epidemiology and prevention. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1058–1089
  6. La Vecchia C, Negri E, Franceschi S, D’Avanzo B, Boyle P 1994 A case-control study of diabetes mellitus and cancer risk. Br J Cancer 70:950–953[Medline]
  7. Parazzini F, La Vecchia C, Negri E, Riboldi GL, Surace M, Benzi G, Maina A, Chiaffarino F 1999 Diabetes and endometrial cancer: an Italian case-control study. Int J Cancer 81:539–542[CrossRef][Medline]
  8. Bosetti C, Altieri A, La Vecchia C 2002 Diet and environmental carcinogenesis in breast/gynaecological cancers. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14:13–18[CrossRef][Medline]
  9. Petridou E, Koukoulomatis P, Alexe DM, Voulgaris Z, Spanos E, Trichopoulos D 2003 Endometrial cancer and the IGF system: a case-control study in Greece. Oncology 64:341–345[CrossRef][Medline]
  10. Akhmedkhanov A, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Toniolo P 2001 Role of exogenous and endogenous hormones in endometrial cancer: review of the evidence and research perspectives. Ann NY Acad Sci 943:296–315[Medline]
  11. Kaaks R, Lukanova A, Kurtzer MS 2002 Obesity, endogenous hormones, and endometrial cancer risk: a synthetic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:1531–1543[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  12. Petridou E, Mantzoros C, Dessypris N, Koukoulomatis P, Addy C, Voulgaris Z, Chrousos G, Trichopoulos D 2003 Plasma adiponectin concentrations in relation to endometrial cancer: a case-control study in Greece. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:993–997[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  13. Franceschi S, Barbone F, Negri E, Decarli A, Ferraroni M, Filiberti R, Giacosa A, Gnagnarella P, Nanni O, Salvini S, La Vecchia C 1995 Reproducibility of an Italian food frequency questionnaire for cancer studies. Results for specific nutrients. Ann Epidemiol 5:69–75[CrossRef][Medline]
  14. Breslow NE, Day NE 1980 Statistical methods in cancer research, vol 1. IARC Scientific Publication 32. Lyon: IARC Press
  15. Yannakoulia M, Yiannakouris N, Bluher S, Matalas A-L, Klimis-Zacas D, Mantzoros CS 2003 Body fat mass and macronutrient intake in relation to circulating soluble leptin receptor, free lepting index, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations in healthy humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:1780–1786[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  16. Evans-Metcalf ER, Brooks SE, Reale FR, Baker SP 1998 Profile of women 45 years of age and younger with endometrial cancer. Obstet Gynecol 91:349–354[CrossRef][Medline]
  17. Kauffman RP, Baker VM, Dimarino P, Gimpel T, Castracane VD 2002 Polycystic ovarian syndrome and insulin resistance in white and Mexican American women: a comparison of two distinct populations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187:1362–1369[CrossRef][Medline]
  18. Augustin LS, Gallus S, Bosetti C, Levi F, Negri E, Franceschi S, Dal Maso L, Jenkins DJA, Kendall CWC, La Vecchia C 2003 Glycemic index and glycemic load in endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer 105:404–407[CrossRef][Medline]
  19. Nagamani M, Stuart CA 1998 Specific binding and growth-promoting activity of insulin in endometrial cancer cells in culture. Am J Obstet Gynecol 179:6–12[CrossRef][Medline]
  20. Gavrila A, Peng C-K, Chan JL, Mietus JE, Goldberger AL, Mantzoros CS 2003 Diurnal and ultradian dynamics of serum adiponectin in healthy men: comparison with leptin, circulating soluble leptin receptor, and cortisol patterns. J Clin Enodcrinol Metab 88:2833–2843
  21. Gavrila A, Chan JL, Yiannakouris N, Kontogianni M, Miller LC, Orlova C, Mantzoros CS 2003 Serum adiponectin levels are inversely associated with overall and central fat distribution but are not directly regulated by acute fasting or leptin administration in humans: cross-sectional and interventional studies. J Clin Enodcrinol Metab 88:4823–4831[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  22. Bosetti C, Tavani A, Negri E, Trichopoulos D, La Vecchia C 2001 Reliability of data on medical conditions, menstrual and reproductive history provided by hospital controls. J Clin Epidemiol 54:902–906[CrossRef][Medline]
  23. Casey VA, Dwyer JT, Berkey CS, Coleman KA, Gardner J, Valadian I 1991 Long-term memory of body weight and past weight satisfaction: a longitudinal follow-up study. Am J Clin Nutr 53:1493–1498[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  24. Sherman ME, Devesa SS 2003 Analysis of racial differences in incidence, survival, and mortality for malignant tumors of the uterine corpus. Cancer 98:176–186[CrossRef][Medline]



This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
F. Ziemke and C. S Mantzoros
Adiponectin in insulin resistance: lessons from translational research
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2010; 91(1): 258S - 261S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
P. Pierre, P. Froment, D. Negre, C. Rame, V. Barateau, C. Chabrolle, P. Lecomte, and J. Dupont
Role of adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, in the steroidogenesis of the human granulosa tumor cell line, KGN
Hum. Reprod., November 1, 2009; 24(11): 2890 - 2901.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Pathol.Home page
V Barresi, M Grosso, G Giuffre, G Tuccari, and G Barresi
The expression of adiponectin receptors Adipo-R1 and Adipo-R2 is associated with an intestinal histotype and longer survival in gastric carcinoma
J. Clin. Pathol., August 1, 2009; 62(8): 705 - 709.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Jpn J Clin OncolHome page
A. Yildirim, M. Bilici, K. Cayir, V. Yanmaz, S. Yildirim, and S. B. Tekin
Serum Adiponectin Levels in Patients with Esophageal Cancer
Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., February 1, 2009; 39(2): 92 - 96.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
C. J Williams, N. Mitsiades, E. Sozopoulos, A. Hsi, A. Wolk, A.-P. Nifli, S. Tseleni-Balafouta, and C. S Mantzoros
Adiponectin receptor expression is elevated in colorectal carcinomas but not in gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, March 1, 2008; 15(1): 289 - 299.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
D Barb, A Neuwirth, C S Mantzoros, and S P Balk
Adiponectin signals in prostate cancer cells through Akt to activate the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2007; 14(4): 995 - 1005.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
M. Archanco, J. Gomez-Ambrosi, M. Tena-Sempere, G. Fruhbeck, and M. A. Burrell
Expression of Leptin and Adiponectin in the Rat Oviduct
J. Histochem. Cytochem., October 1, 2007; 55(10): 1027 - 1037.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
Y.-F. Tian, C.-H. Chu, M.-H. Wu, C.-L. Chang, T. Yang, Y.-C. Chou, G.-C. Hsu, C.-P. Yu, J.-C. Yu, and C.-A. Sun
Anthropometric measures, plasma adiponectin, and breast cancer risk
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, September 1, 2007; 14(3): 669 - 677.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
L. Cong, J. Gasser, J. Zhao, B. Yang, F. Li, and A. Z Zhao
Human adiponectin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human endometrial carcinoma cells, HEC-1-A and RL95 2
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, September 1, 2007; 14(3): 713 - 720.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
D. Barb, C. J Williams, A. K Neuwirth, and C. S Mantzoros
Adiponectin in relation to malignancies: a review of existing basic research and clinical evidence
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2007; 86(3): 858S - 866S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. B. Richards, A. M. Valdes, K. Burling, U. C. Perks, and T. D. Spector
Serum Adiponectin and Bone Mineral Density in Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2007; 92(4): 1517 - 1523.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.Home page
E. Friberg, C. S. Mantzoros, and A. Wolk
Diabetes and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2007; 16(2): 276 - 280.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.Home page
K. Michalakis, C. J. Williams, N. Mitsiades, J. Blakeman, S. Balafouta-Tselenis, A. Giannopoulos, and C. S. Mantzoros
Serum Adiponectin Concentrations and Tissue Expression of Adiponectin Receptors Are Reduced in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Case Control Study
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., February 1, 2007; 16(2): 308 - 313.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
M. Bluher, A. M. Brennan, T. Kelesidis, J. Kratzsch, M. Fasshauer, S. Kralisch, C. J. Williams, and C. S. Mantzoros
Total and High-Molecular Weight Adiponectin in Relation to Metabolic Variables at Baseline and in Response to an Exercise Treatment Program: Comparative evaluation of three assays
Diabetes Care, February 1, 2007; 30(2): 280 - 285.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
G. A. Laughlin, E. Barrett-Connor, S. May, and C. Langenberg
Association of Adiponectin with Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality: The Rancho Bernardo Study
Am. J. Epidemiol., January 15, 2007; 165(2): 164 - 174.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. E. Cust, R. Kaaks, C. Friedenreich, F. Bonnet, M. Laville, A. Lukanova, S. Rinaldi, L. Dossus, N. Slimani, E. Lundin, et al.
Plasma Adiponectin Levels and Endometrial Cancer Risk in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2007; 92(1): 255 - 263.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cancer Res.Home page
Y. Wang, J. B. Lam, K. S.L. Lam, J. Liu, M. C. Lam, R. L.C. Hoo, D. Wu, G. J.S. Cooper, and A. Xu
Adiponectin Modulates the Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3{beta}/{beta}-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Attenuates Mammary Tumorigenesis of MDA-MB-231 Cells in Nude Mice
Cancer Res., December 1, 2006; 66(23): 11462 - 11470.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
K. Ota, K. Ito, T. Suzuki, S. Saito, M. Tamura, S.-i. Hayashi, K. Okamura, H. Sasano, and N. Yaegashi
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {gamma} and Growth Inhibition by Its Ligands in Uterine Endometrial Carcinoma.
Clin. Cancer Res., July 15, 2006; 12(14): 4200 - 4208.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
Y. Takemura, Y. Osuga, T. Yamauchi, M. Kobayashi, M. Harada, T. Hirata, C. Morimoto, Y. Hirota, O. Yoshino, K. Koga, et al.
Expression of Adiponectin Receptors and Its Possible Implication in the Human Endometrium
Endocrinology, July 1, 2006; 147(7): 3203 - 3210.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Physiol.Home page
H. Motoshima, B. J. Goldstein, M. Igata, and E. Araki
AMPK and cell proliferation - AMPK as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and cancer
J. Physiol., July 1, 2006; 574(1): 63 - 71.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
Y. Takemura, Y. Osuga, M. Harada, T. Hirata, K. Koga, C. Morimoto, Y. Hirota, O. Yoshino, T. Yano, and Y. Taketani
Serum adiponectin concentrations are decreased in women with endometriosis
Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2005; 20(12): 3510 - 3513.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
E. K. Wei, E. Giovannucci, C. S. Fuchs, W. C. Willett, and C. S. Mantzoros
Low Plasma Adiponectin Levels and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Men: A Prospective Study
J Natl Cancer Inst, November 16, 2005; 97(22): 1688 - 1694.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
M. Ishikawa, J. Kitayama, S. Kazama, T. Hiramatsu, K. Hatano, and H. Nagawa
Plasma Adiponectin and Gastric Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., January 15, 2005; 11(2): 466 - 472.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a related Letter to the Editor
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Reprints, Permissions and Rights
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Dal Maso, L.
Right arrow Articles by La Vecchia, C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Dal Maso, L.
Right arrow Articles by La Vecchia, C.

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals