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Submitted on August 4, 2004
Accepted on December 20, 2004
Institute of Endocrine Sciences, University of Milan, Ospedale Maggiore IRCCS, University of Milan, Unit of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, University of Milan, Italy
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sabrina.corbetta{at}unimi.it.
Adiponectin (ApN), an adipocytokine expressed in adipocytes with antidiabetic and antiatherogenic actions, has been detected in cord blood, suggesting a putative role in intrauterine fetal development. Aim of this study was to confirm the presence of ApN in the fetal circulation and to directly investigate ApN expression in fetal tissues. The study showed high ApN levels in umbilical venous blood from fetuses [n = 44; 31.2 ± 14.1 (SD) mg/L in umbilical vs. 8.4 ± 4.0 in maternal circulation, P < 0.0001)] that positively correlated with gestational age. By using RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, ApN was detected in several fetal tissues at mid- and late gestation (from 14 to 36 weeks), and absent in the placenta. ApN was expressed in tissues of mesodermic origin, i.e. brown and white adipocytes, skeletal muscle fibers of diaphragm and ileopsoas, smooth muscle cells of small intestine and arterial walls, perineurium and renal capsule, and in tissues of ectodermal origin, i.e. epidermis and ocular lens. The distribution of ApN expression in non-adipose tissues showed a general decline during the progression of gestation. The unexpected pattern of ApN expression in human fetus may account for the high ApN levels in cord blood and predicts novel roles for ApN during fetal development.
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