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Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-IV Inhibition Augments Postprandial Lipid Mobilization and Oxidation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Franz-Volhard Clinical Research Center (M.B., S.E., K.D., P.B., A.S., J.B., F.C.L., J.J.), Helios Klinikum and Medical Faculty of the Charité, D-13125 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., J.J.), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Chemical Endocrinology (F.C.G.J.S.), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Exploratory Development-Translational Medicine (Y.H.), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; and Clinical Research and Development (J.E.F.), Novartis Pharmaceutical Corp., East Hanover, New Jersey 07936

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Jens Jordan, M.D., Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. E-mail: jordan.jens{at}mh-hannover.de.

Context: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibition increases endogenous GLP-1 activity, resulting in improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The metabolic response may be explained in part by extrapancreatic mechanisms.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that DPP-4 inhibition with vildagliptin elicits changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle metabolism.

Design and Setting: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover study at an academic clinical research center.

Patients: Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes, body mass index between 28 and 40 kg/m², participated.

Intervention: Intervention included 7 d treatment with the selective DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin or placebo and a standardized test meal on d 7.

Main Outcome Measures: Venous DPP-4 activity, catecholamines, free fatty acids, glycerol, glucose, (pro)insulin, dialysate glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol were measured.

Results: Fasting and postprandial venous insulin, glucose, glycerol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid concentrations were not different with vildagliptin and with placebo. Vildagliptin augmented the postprandial increase in plasma norepinephrine. Furthermore, vildagliptin increased dialysate glycerol and lactate concentrations in adipose tissue while suppressing dialysate lactate and pyruvate concentration in skeletal muscle. The respiratory quotient increased with meal ingestion but was consistently lower with vildagliptin.

Conclusions: Our study is the first to suggest that DPP-4 inhibition augments postprandial lipid mobilization and oxidation. The response may be explained by sympathetic activation rather than a direct effect on metabolic status.