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Expression of Six Transmembrane Protein of Prostate 2 in Human Adipose Tissue Associates with Adiposity and Insulin Resistance

Department of Medicine (P.A., B.M.S., E.D., J.H., M.R., I.D.), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, S-14186, Sweden; and Division of Surgery (E.N.), Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital Stockholm, S-18288, Sweden

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Peter Arner, M.D., Ph.D., Professor, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Department of Medicine, M61, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: peter.arner{at}ki.se.

Context: Six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) is a counterregulator of adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in mice. Our hypothesis was that STAMP2 could be involved in human obesity and insulin resistance.

Objective: The objective of the study was to elucidate the role of adipose STAMP2 expression in human obesity and insulin resistance.

Design: The design was to quantify STAMP2 in human abdominal sc and omental white adipose tissue (WAT), isolated adipocytes, and stroma and in vitro differentiated preadipocytes and relate levels of STAMP2 in sc WAT to clinical and adipocyte phenotypes involved in insulin resistance.

Participants: Nonobese and obese women and men (n = 236) recruited from an obesity clinic or through local advertisement.

Main Outcome Measurement: Clinical measures included body mass index, body fat, total adiponectin, and homeostasis model assessment as measure of overall insulin resistance. In adipocytes we determined cell size, sensitivity of lipolysis and lipogenesis to insulin, adiponectin secretion, and inflammatory gene expression.

Results: STAMP2 levels in sc and visceral WAT and adipocytes were increased in obesity (P = 0.0008–0.05) but not influenced by weight loss. Increased WAT STAMP2 levels associated with a high amount of body fat (P = 0.04), high homeostasis model assessment (P = 0.01), and large adipocytes (P = 0.02). Subjects with high STAMP2 levels displayed reduced sensitivity of adipocyte lipogenesis (P = 0.04) and lipolysis (P = 0.03) to insulin but had normal adiponectin levels. WAT STAMP2 levels correlated with expression of the macrophage marker CD68 (P = 0.0006).

Conclusion: Human WAT STAMP2 associates with obesity and insulin resistance independently of adiponectin, but the role of STAMP2 in obesity and its complications seems different from that in mice.