This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Data Submit a related Letter to the Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Swiglo, B. A. Articles by Montori, V. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Swiglo, B. A. Articles by Montori, V. M. Related Collections Adrenal and Hypertension Neuroendocrinology and Pituitary Pediatric Endocrinology Thyroid Other Lipid Autoimmunity Calcium and Bone Metabolism Cardiovascular Endocrinology Diabetes and Insulin Endocrine Oncology Female Endocrinology Male Endocrinology Metabolism Obesity

A Case for Clarity, Consistency, and Helpfulness: State-of-the-Art Clinical Practice Guidelines in Endocrinology Using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation System

Knowledge and Encounter Research Unit (B.A.S., M.H.M., V.M.M.), Divisions of Endocrinology, Preventive Medicine, and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Clinical Advances Through Research And Information Translation Research Group (H.J.S., G.H.G.), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada; Department of Epidemiology (H.J.S.), Italian National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena," 00161 Rome, Italy; Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology (R.K.), University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; and Diabetes Institute (R.A.V.), Walter Reed Health Care System, Washington, D.C. 20307

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Victor M. Montori, M.D., M.Sc., Mayo Clinic, W18A, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905. E-mail: montori.victor{at}mayo.edu.

Context: The Endocrine Society, and a growing number of other organizations, have adopted the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to develop clinical practice guidelines and grade the strength of recommendations and the quality of the evidence. Despite the use of GRADE in several of The Endocrine Society’s clinical practice guidelines, endocrinologists have not had access to a context-specific discussion of this system and its merits.

Evidence Acquisition: The authors are involved in the development of the GRADE standard and its application to The Endocrine Society clinical practice guidelines. Examples were extracted from these guidelines to illustrate how this grading system enhances the quality of practice guidelines.

Evidence Synthesis: We summarized and described the components of the GRADE system, and discussed the features of GRADE that help bring clarity and consistency to guideline documents, making them more helpful to practicing clinicians and their patients with endocrine disorders.

Conclusions: GRADE describes the quality of the evidence using four levels: very low, low, moderate, and high quality. Recommendations can be either strong ("we recommend") or weak ("we suggest"), and this strength reflects the confidence that guideline panel members have that patients who receive recommended care will be better off. The separation of the quality of the evidence from the strength of the recommendation recognizes the role that values and preferences, as well as clinical and social circumstances, play in formulating practice recommendations.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. E. Cryer, L. Axelrod, A. B. Grossman, S. R. Heller, V. M. Montori, E. R. Seaquist, and F. J. Service Evaluation and Management of Adult Hypoglycemic Disorders: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2009; 94(3): 709 - 728. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. P. August, S. Caprio, I. Fennoy, M. Freemark, F. R. Kaufman, R. H. Lustig, J. H. Silverstein, P. W. Speiser, D. M. Styne, and V. M. Montori Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Expert Opinion J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2008; 93(12): 4576 - 4599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Rosenzweig, E. Ferrannini, S. M. Grundy, S. M. Haffner, R. J. Heine, E. S. Horton, and R. Kawamori Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes in Patients at Metabolic Risk: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2008; 93(10): 3671 - 3689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. W. Funder, R. M. Carey, C. Fardella, C. E. Gomez-Sanchez, F. Mantero, M. Stowasser, W. F. Young Jr., and V. M. Montori Case Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Patients with Primary Aldosteronism: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2008; 93(9): 3266 - 3281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. K. Nieman, B. M. K. Biller, J. W. Findling, J. Newell-Price, M. O. Savage, P. M. Stewart, and V. M. Montori The Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2008; 93(5): 1526 - 1540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. A. Martin, R. J. Chang, D. A. Ehrmann, L. Ibanez, R. A. Lobo, R. L. Rosenfield, J. Shapiro, V. M. Montori, and B. A. Swiglo Evaluation and Treatment of Hirsutism in Premenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2008; 93(4): 1105 - 1120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]