This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Morelli, M. B. Articles by Canipari, R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Morelli, M. B. Articles by Canipari, R. Related Collections Female Endocrinology

Characterization, Expression, and Functional Activity of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors in Human Granulosa-Luteal Cells

Department of Histology and Medical Embryology (M.B.M., M.B., R.C.), ‘La Sapienza’ University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Tecnobios Procreazione (G.C., A.G., A.B.), 40125 Bologna, Italy; and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies (S.C.), University of L’Aquila, 67010 L’Aquila, Italy

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Rita Canipari, Department of Histology and Medical Embryology, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy. E-mail: rita.canipari{at}uniroma1.it.

Context: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are found in the ovary of mammalian species, although nothing is known about the possible role of PACAP and VIP in the human ovary.

Objective: We investigated the expression of PACAP and PACAP/VIP receptors in human granulosa-luteal (GL) cells obtained from consenting in vitro fertilization patients attending a private fertility clinic and assessed a possible antiapoptotic effect of these molecules.

Main Outcome Measures: We measured the expression of PACAP and PACAP/VIP receptor mRNAs in GL cells in response to FSH or LH, as well as the effects of PACAP and VIP on apoptosis. We also evaluated the levels of procaspase-3 in GL cells cultured in the absence of serum.

Results: After 7 d in culture, GL cells displayed increased responsiveness to FSH and LH (100 ng/ml). FSH and LH promoted PACAP expression, LH doing so in a time-dependent fashion. VIP receptor (VPAC1-R and VPAC2-R) mRNAs were also induced by gonadotropin stimulation. Although PACAP receptor (PAC1-R) mRNA was barely detectable, Western blot analysis revealed its presence. The apoptotic effect of serum withdrawal from the culture environment was reverted by both PACAP and VIP. Both peptides showed the ability to reverse a decrease in procaspase-3 levels induced by culture in the absence of serum.

Conclusions: PACAP and VIP appear to play a role in maintenance of follicle viability as a consequence of the antiapoptotic effect. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the respective roles of PACAP and VIP in ovarian physiology and to identify their mechanism of action.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. Vaudry, A. Falluel-Morel, S. Bourgault, M. Basille, D. Burel, O. Wurtz, A. Fournier, B. K. C. Chow, H. Hashimoto, L. Galas, et al. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: 20 Years after the Discovery Pharmacol. Rev., September 1, 2009; 61(3): 283 - 357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W.-T. Huang, C.-J. Li, P.-J. Wu, Y.-S. Chang, T.-L. Lee, and C.-F. Weng Expression and in vitro regulation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap38) and its type I receptor (pac1-r) in the gonads of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Reproduction, March 1, 2009; 137(3): 449 - 467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]