help button home button Endocrine Society JCEM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0482
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
92/9/3490    most recent
Author Manuscript (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a related Letter to the Editor
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Kotronen, A.
Right arrow Articles by Yki-Järvinen, H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Kotronen, A.
Right arrow Articles by Yki-Järvinen, H.
Related Collections
Right arrow Diabetes and Insulin
Right arrow Metabolism
Right arrow Obesity
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 92, No. 9 3490-3497
Copyright © 2007 by The Endocrine Society

Liver Fat in the Metabolic Syndrome

Anna Kotronen, Jukka Westerbacka, Robert Bergholm, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen and Hannele Yki-Järvinen

Department of Medicine (A.K., J.W., R.B., K.H.P., H.Y.-J.), Division of Diabetes, The Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health (K.H.P.), and Obesity Research Unit (K.H.P.), Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland; and Minerva Medical Research Institute (A.K., R.B.), 00290 Helsinki, Finland

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Hannele Yki-Järvinen, M.D., F.R.C.P., Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Helsinki, Finland, P.O. Box 700, Room C426B, FIN-00029 HUCH, Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: ykijarvi{at}cc.helsinki.fi.

Background: The liver, once fatty, overproduces components of the metabolic syndrome, such as glucose and lipids. The amount of liver fat in subjects with and without the metabolic syndrome has not been determined. It is unknown which clinically available markers best reflect liver fat content.

Measurements: Components of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the International Diabetes Federation and liver fat content by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy were measured in 271 nondiabetic subjects (162 women, 109 men). In addition, other features of insulin resistance (serum insulin, C-peptide), intraabdominal and sc fat by magnetic resonance imaging, and liver enzymes (serum alanine aminotransferase and serum aspartate aminotransferase) were measured.

Results: Liver fat was 4-fold higher in subjects with [n = 116; median 8.2% (interquartile range 3.2–18.7%)] than without [n = 155; 2.0% (1.0–5.0%); P < 0.0001] the metabolic syndrome. This increase in liver fat remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index. All components of the metabolic syndrome correlated with liver fat content. The best correlate was waist in both women (r = 0.59, P < 0.0001) and men (r = 0.56, P < 0.0001). Liver fat correlated significantly with serum alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.39, P < 0.0001 for women; r = 0.44, P < 0.0001 for men) and aspartate aminotransferase (r = 0.27, P = 0.0005 for women; r = 0.31, P = 0.0012 for men) concentrations. The best correlates of liver fat were fasting serum insulin (r = 0.61; P < 0.0001 for both women and men) and C-peptide (r = 0.62; P < 0.0001 for both women and men).

Conclusions: Liver fat content is significantly increased in subjects with the metabolic syndrome as compared with those without the syndrome, independently of age, gender, and body mass index. Of other markers, serum C-peptide is the strongest correlate of liver fat.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
H. R. Song, K. E. Yun, and H. S. Park
Relation between alanine aminotransferase concentrations and visceral fat accumulation among nondiabetic overweight Korean women
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2008; 88(1): 16 - 21.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. Sevastianova, J. Sutinen, K. Kannisto, A. Hamsten, M. Ristola, and H. Yki-Jarvinen
Adipose tissue inflammation and liver fat in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy-associated lipodystrophy
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2008; 295(1): E85 - E91.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
D. Greco, A. Kotronen, J. Westerbacka, O. Puig, P. Arkkila, T. Kiviluoto, S. Laitinen, M. Kolak, R. M. Fisher, A. Hamsten, et al.
Gene expression in human NAFLD
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, May 1, 2008; 294(5): G1281 - G1287.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. Juurinen, A. Kotronen, M. Graner, and H. Yki-Jarvinen
Rosiglitazone Reduces Liver Fat and Insulin Requirements and Improves Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Requiring High Insulin Doses
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2008; 93(1): 118 - 124.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
A. Kotronen, L. Juurinen, A. Hakkarainen, J. Westerbacka, A. Corner, R. Bergholm, and H. Yki-Jarvinen
Liver Fat Is Increased in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Underestimated by Serum Alanine Aminotransferase Compared With Equally Obese Nondiabetic Subjects
Diabetes Care, January 1, 2008; 31(1): 165 - 169.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Kotronen, S. Vehkavaara, A. Seppala-Lindroos, R. Bergholm, and H. Yki-Jarvinen
Effect of liver fat on insulin clearance
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2007; 293(6): E1709 - E1715.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals
Copyright © 2007 by The Endocrine Society