This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Christ-Crain, M. Articles by Grossman, A. B. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Christ-Crain, M. Articles by Grossman, A. B. Related Collections Adrenal and Hypertension

Measurement of Serum Free Cortisol Shows Discordant Responsivity to Stress and Dynamic Evaluation

Department of Endocrinology (M.C.-C., S.J., O.C., A.B.G.), Barts and The London, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine, University of London, London E1 2AD, United Kingdom; NETRIA (R.E.), St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London EC1A 7BE, United Kingdom; and Department of Endocrinology (I.W., C.K., B.M.) and Surgical Intensive Care (H.P.), University Hospitals, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; and Department of Endocrinology (J.P.), University Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. M. Christ-Crain, Department of Endocrinology, Barts and The London, Queen Mary’s School of Medicine, University of London, London E1 2AD, United Kingdom. E-mail: christmj{at}bluewin.ch.

Context: Routinely available assays of adrenal function measure serum total cortisol (TC) and not the biologically active free cortisol (FC). However, there are few data on FC levels during surgical stress and in response to standard pharmacological tests.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate TC and FC levels in different states of physical stress.

Design and Setting: We conducted a prospective observational study in a university hospital.

Participants and Main Outcome Measures: We measured TC and FC levels in 64 patients: group A, 17 healthy controls without stress; group B, 23 medical patients with moderate stress; and group C, 24 surgical patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting. Cortisol levels in group C were measured basally and at several time points thereafter and were compared with responsivity to a pharmacological dose of ACTH. FC was measured using equilibrium dialysis.

Results: In group C patients after extubation, the relative increase above basal FC was higher than the increase in TC levels (399 ± 266 vs. 247 ± 132% of initial values, respectively; mean ± SD; P = 0.02) and then fell more markedly, FC levels falling to 67 ± 49% and TC levels to 79 ± 36% (P = 0.04). After ACTH stimulation, TC levels increased to 680 ± 168 nmol/liter, which was similar to the increase with major stress (811 ± 268 nmol/liter). In contrast, FC levels increased to 55 ± 16 nmol/liter after ACTH stimulation but significantly greater with surgical stress to 108 ± 56 nmol/liter (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: The more pronounced increase in FC seen during stress as compared with the ACTH test suggests that this test does not adequately anticipate the FC levels needed during severe stress.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Christ-Crain, D. Stolz, S. Jutla, O. Couppis, C. Muller, R. Bingisser, P. Schuetz, M. Tamm, R. Edwards, B. Muller, et al. Free and Total Cortisol Levels as Predictors of Severity and Outcome in Community-acquired Pneumonia Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2007; 176(9): 913 - 920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]