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Recurrence of the R947X Mutation in Unrelated Families with Autosomal Dominant Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type 1: Evidence for a Mutational Hot Spot in the Mineralocorticoid Receptor Gene

Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.L.F.-R., M.d.C., A.C.L., S.R.A.), Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil; and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (W.G.S., F.G.R.), Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Sonir R. Antonini, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. E-mail: s.antonini{at}hcrp.fmrp.usp.br.

Background: The renal form of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a rare disease characterized by congenital mineralocorticoid resistance of the kidney. Twenty-two different loss-of-function mutations in the mineralocorticoid receptor gene have been described in families with PHA1. These mutations were not recurrent and resulted in a large phenotypic variability.

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the recurrence of an inactivating mutation in the mineralocorticoid receptor gene in unrelated families with autosomal dominant PHA1.

Patients: Seventeen members from three unrelated families with autosomal dominant PHA1 were studied, including 11 affected patients with variable clinical manifestations. Fifty healthy subjects were used as controls.

Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted, and the entire coding region of the mineralocorticoid receptor gene was submitted to automatic sequencing. Four dinucleotide microsatellite markers spanning a region of 3.2 cM in the human mineralocorticoid receptor gene locus, and two intragenic polymorphisms were used for haplotype analysis.

Results: A heterozygous point mutation at codon 947 (c.2839C>T) changing arginine to stop codon (R947X) was found in the three families. Different haplotypes segregated with the R947X mutation in each family, demonstrating the absence of a founder effect for this mutation.

Conclusion: Codon 947 of the mineralocorticoid receptor is the first mutational hot spot for autosomal dominant PHA1.

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