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Departments of Psychiatry, Epidemiology, and Psychology (K.A.M.) and Epidemiology (Y.C., K.S.-T.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women’s Health (N.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461; Department of Population Health and Reproduction (B.L.), University of California Davis and Kaiser Permanente, Davis, California 95616; Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.C.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655; Massachusetts General Hospital (R.C.P.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; and University of Michigan (M.S.), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Karen A. Matthews, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213. E-mail: matthewska{at}upmc.edu.
Context: Menstrual cycle characteristics may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the relationships between menstrual cycle characteristics and daily reproductive hormone measures with CVD risk factors in middle-aged women.
Design and Setting: Cross-sectional associations were examined between CVD risk factors and urinary LH, FSH, estrone conjugates, and pregnanediol glucuronide (Pdg) measured across one menstrual cycle or 50 d.
Participants: Menstruating women (n = 500) who were free from diabetes or past stroke or heart attack enrolled in the Daily Hormone Study-Study of Women’s Health across the Nation were studied.
Main Outcome Measures: Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, hemostatic, and metabolic factors were measured.
Results: Few differences existed in risk factors between women with evidence of luteal activity and those with no evidence of luteal activity. Associations between elevated CVD risk factors and long cycle length were reduced substantially by age and BMI adjustments. Those with lower estrone conjugate and PdG averaged across the follicular phase had higher waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1, tissue type plasminogen activator-antigen, and factor VIIc levels in age- and BMI-adjusted analyses (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: In midlife menstruating women, a longer cycle length was related to CVD risk factors, in large part through their common association with BMI. More favorable levels of metabolic and hemostatic factors were associated with higher levels of follicular-phase estrogen, a pattern consistent with a more competent ovary, and higher levels of follicular-phase PdG, perhaps of adrenal origin. Metabolic and hemostatic factors may be sensitive to hormonal variation during the early perimenopausal transition.
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  R. C. Thurston, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, S. A. Everson-Rose, R. Hess, and K. A. Matthews Hot Flashes and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease: Findings From the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Heart Study Circulation, September 16, 2008; 118(12): 1234 - 1240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. Keck, M. J. Romero-Aleshire, Q. Cai, P. B. Hoyer, and H. L. Brooks Hormonal status affects the progression of STZ-induced diabetes and diabetic renal damage in the VCD mouse model of menopause Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): F193 - F199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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