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Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism , doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1598 Copyright © 2006 by The Endocrine Society Fat Oxidation before and after a High Fat Load in the Obese Insulin-Resistant StateEllen E. Blaak, Gabby Hul, Camilla Verdich, Vladimir Stich, Alfredo Martinez, Martin Petersen, Edith F. M. Feskens, Kishor Patel, Jean Michel Oppert, Pierre Barbe, Søren Toubro, Ingalena Anderson, Jan Polak, Arne Astrup, Ian A. Macdonald, Dominique Langin, Claus Holst, Thorkild I. Sørensen, Wim H. M. Saris and the Consortium for Nutrient-Gene Interactions in Human Obesity—Implications for Dietary GuidelinesDepartment of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Centre NUTRIM (E.E.B., G.H., W.H.M.S.), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Health and Nutrition (E.F.M.F.), National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute of Preventive Medicine (C.V., C.H., T.I.S.), Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Sports Medicine (V.S., J.P.), Centre of Preventive Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology and Nutrition (A.M.), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Human Nutrition (M.P., S.T., A.A.), The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Biomedical Sciences (K.P., I.A.M.), Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition (J.M.O.), Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France; Obesity Research Unit of the French Institute of Health and Medical Research U586 (P.B., D.L.), Louis Bugnard Institute and Clinical Investigation Centre, Toulouse University Hospitals, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; and Department of Medicine (I.A.), Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. E. E. Blaak, Department of Human Biology, Nutrition Research Centre, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. E-mail: e.blaak{at}hb.unimaas.nl. Background: Obesity may be associated with a lowered use of fat as a fuel, which may contribute to the enlarged adipose tissue stores. Aim: The aim of the present study was to study fatty acid use in the fasting state and in response to a high fat load in a large cohort of obese subjects (n = 701) and a lean reference group (n = 113). Methods: Subjects from eight European centers underwent a test meal challenge containing 95 en% fat [energy content 50% of estimated resting energy expenditure (EE)]. Fasting and postprandial fat oxidation and circulating metabolites and hormones were determined over a 3-h period. Results: Postprandial fat oxidation (as percent of postprandial EE, adjusted for fat mass, age, gender, center, and energy content of the meal) decreased with increasing body mass index (BMI) category (P < 0.01), an effect present only in those obese subjects with a relatively low fasting fat oxidation (below median, interaction BMI category x fasting fat oxidation, P < 0.001). Fasting fat oxidation increased with increasing BMI category (P < 0.001), which was normalized after adjustment for fat-free mass and fat mass. Furthermore, insulin resistance was positively associated with postprandial fat oxidation (P < 0.05) and negatively associated with fasting fat oxidation (expressed as percent of EE), independent of body composition. Conclusions: The present data indicate an impaired capacity to regulate fat oxidation in the obese insulin-resistant state, which is hypothesized to play a role in the etiology of both obesity and insulin resistance. This article has been cited by other articles:
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