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Epistasis between Loci on Chromosomes 2 and 6 Influences Human Height

Osteoporosis Research Center (Y.-Z.L., P.X., D.-H.X., L.-J.Z., H.S., Y.-J.L., V.D., J.-R.L., H.-Y.D., H.-W.D.), Creighton University Medical Center, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68131; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information and Engineering (H.-W.D.), Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China; Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics (Y.-F.G., H.-W.D.), College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, People’s Republic of China; Department of Biological Sciences (V.D.), Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242; and Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (J.-L.L.), Seattle, Washington 98109

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Hong-Wen Deng, Ph.D., Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, 601 North 30th Street, Suite 6787, Omaha, Nebraska 68131. E-mail: dengh{at}umkc.edu.

Context: Human height is a typical and important complex trait, which is determined by both actions and interactions of multiple genes. Although an increasing number of genes or genomic regions have been discovered for their independent effects on height variation, no study has been performed to identify genes or loci that interact to control the trait.

Objective: This study aimed to search for potential genomic regions that harbor interactive genes underlying human height.

Methods: Here with a sample containing 3726 Caucasians, the largest one ever obtained from a single population of the same ethnicity among genetic linkage studies of human complex traits, we performed variance component linkage analyses of height based on a two-locus epistatic model. We examined pairwise genetic interaction among three regions, 9q22, 6p21, and 2q21, which achieved significant or suggestive linkage signals for height in our recent whole genome scan.

Results: Significant genetic interaction between 6p21 and 2q21 was detected, with 2q21 achieving a maximum LOD score of 3.21 (P = 0.0035) under the epistatic model, compared with a maximum LOD score of 1.63 under a two-locus additive model. Interestingly, 6p21 contains a cluster of candidate genes for skeletal growth, suggesting a mechanism whereby 2q21 regulates height through 6p21.

Conclusion: By providing the first evidence for genetic interaction underlying human height variation, this study further delineated the genetic architecture of human height and contributed to the genetic dissection of human complex traits in general.

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