| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Department of Endocrinology (M.L., T.V., H.P., M.R., L.G., B.H.), and Departments of Ophthalmology (C.F., P.A.) and Plastic Surgery (M.A.), Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Mikael Lantz, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Endocrinology, Malmö University Hospital, S-205 02 Malmö, Sweden. E-mail: mikael.lantz{at}endo.mas.lu.se.
Context: In Graves’ ophthalmopathy a major problem is an increase in the intraorbital adipose tissue volume.
Objective: The aim of this work was to define mechanisms of orbital adipogenesis.
Design: This was an open-label prospective study.
Setting: The study was conducted at the Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital.
Participants: The study consisted of patients (n = 5) with severe ophthalmopathy with affection of the optic nerve and thyroid healthy controls (n = 5).
Interventions: We performed lateral decompression of orbital tissue in patients unresponsive to corticosteroids and restorative surgery of the upper eyelid in thyroid healthy controls.
Main Outcome Measure: We made large-scale measurements of gene expression, with microarray technique based on determination of fluorescence intensities in cases and controls.
Results: A marker of adipose tissue, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase, was overexpressed in ophthalmopathy, and selection criteria were set to favor identification of genes known to be expressed in normal adipogenesis. The immediate early gene, cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer, 61 (CYR61), was overexpressed in addition to 15 other immediate early genes (IEGs), and the expression of selected IEGs was confirmed with RT-PCR: CYR61, cyclooxygenase-2, dual-specificity phosphatase 1, B cell translocation gene 2, and early growth response 1. CYR61-responsive genes, known to participate in inflammation, IL-1ß, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor were also overexpressed. Patients showed greater expression of CYR61 in the active than the chronic phase of ophthalmopathy, indicating that CYR61 is a marker of disease activity. Cyclooxygenase-2, the target gene of IL-1ß, was also overexpressed, although all patients had been treated with corticosteroids.
Conclusion: Adipocyte-related IEGs are overexpressed in active ophthalmopathy, and CYR61 may have a role in both orbital inflammation and adipogenesis and serve as a marker of disease activity.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  H. Liu, R. Yang, B. Tinner, A. Choudhry, N. Schutze, and B. Chaqour Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 and Connective Tissue Growth Factor Induce Deadhesion and Anoikis of Retinal Pericytes Endocrinology, April 1, 2008; 149(4): 1666 - 1677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Han, B. Chen, and T. J. Smith Jak2 Dampens the Induction by IL-1beta of Prostaglandin Endoperoxide H Synthase 2 Expression in Human Orbital Fibroblasts: Evidence for Divergent Influence on the Prostaglandin E2 Biosynthetic Pathway J. Immunol., November 15, 2007; 179(10): 7147 - 7156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T J Cawood, P Moriarty, C O'Farrelly, and D O'Shea The effects of tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} and interleukin1 on an in vitro model of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy; contrasting effects on adipogenesis Eur. J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2006; 155(3): 395 - 403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Han and T. J. Smith T Helper Type 1 and Type 2 Cytokines Exert Divergent Influence on the Induction of Prostaglandin E2 and Hyaluronan Synthesis by Interleukin-1{beta} in Orbital Fibroblasts: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 13 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
