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Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2328
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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 90, No. 7 4170-4176
Copyright © 2005 by The Endocrine Society

Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing Fasting Serum Adiponectin in Hispanic Children

Nancy F. Butte, Anthony G. Comuzzie, Gouwen Cai, Shelley A. Cole, Nitesh R. Mehta and Carlos A. Bacino

U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (N.F.B., N.R.M., C.A.B.), Houston, Texas 77030; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (A.G.C., G.C., S.A.C.), San Antonio, Texas 78245

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Nancy F. Butte, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail: nbutte{at}bcm.tmc.edu.

Context: Because of its antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties, adiponectin may play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: The aims of these analyses were: 1) to estimate the heritability of fasting serum adiponectin; 2) to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and body composition on fasting serum adiponectin; 3) to test for associations between fasting serum adiponectin and diet, fitness, energy expenditure, and fat oxidation; and 4) to determine the relationships between fasting serum adiponectin, insulin and lipids, and blood pressure in Hispanic children.

Design: Genetic and environmental factors influencing fasting serum adiponectin were investigated in a cohort of children participating in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study in 2000–2005.

Setting: This study was performed at the Children’s Nutrition Research Center.

Participants: The study participants were 805 Hispanic nonoverweight and overweight children, ages 4–19 yr.

Main Measure: The main measure of the study was fasting serum adiponectin.

Results: The heritability of serum adiponectin was 0.93 ± 0.10 (P = 2.4 x 10–40). Adiponectin differed by age (P = 0.001), sex (P = 0.04), and weight (P = 0.001) status. Adiponectin levels declined with age, in association with changes in sex hormones and growth factors. Adiponectin was not associated with macronutrient intake, fitness, 24-h energy expenditure, or fat oxidation. Controlling for age, sex, and percent fat mass, adiponectin was inversely associated with homeostasis model of insulin resistance, triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.001). Significant positive genetic correlations were detected between adiponectin and total cholesterol ({rho}G = 0.19), HDL-C ({rho}G = 0.32), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ({rho}G = 0.24), and IGF-binding protein-1 ({rho}G = 0.39), and negative genetic correlations were detected between adiponectin and leptin ({rho}G = –0.30), TG ({rho}G = –0.21), TG/HDL-C ({rho}G = –0.33), and IGF-binding protein-3 ({rho}G = –0.32), indicating shared genetic components in their expression.

Conclusion: The high heritability of adiponectin and pleiotropy seen between adiponectin and leptin, growth factors, and lipids may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in overweight Hispanic children.




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