This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Butte, N. F. Articles by Bacino, C. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Butte, N. F. Articles by Bacino, C. A. Related Collections Pediatric Endocrinology Metabolism Obesity

Genetic and Environmental Factors Influencing Fasting Serum Adiponectin in Hispanic Children

U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (N.F.B., N.R.M., C.A.B.), Houston, Texas 77030; and Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (A.G.C., G.C., S.A.C.), San Antonio, Texas 78245

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Nancy F. Butte, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail: nbutte{at}bcm.tmc.edu.

Context: Because of its antiinflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties, adiponectin may play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: The aims of these analyses were: 1) to estimate the heritability of fasting serum adiponectin; 2) to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and body composition on fasting serum adiponectin; 3) to test for associations between fasting serum adiponectin and diet, fitness, energy expenditure, and fat oxidation; and 4) to determine the relationships between fasting serum adiponectin, insulin and lipids, and blood pressure in Hispanic children.

Design: Genetic and environmental factors influencing fasting serum adiponectin were investigated in a cohort of children participating in the VIVA LA FAMILIA Study in 2000–2005.

Setting: This study was performed at the Children’s Nutrition Research Center.

Participants: The study participants were 805 Hispanic nonoverweight and overweight children, ages 4–19 yr.

Main Measure: The main measure of the study was fasting serum adiponectin.

Results: The heritability of serum adiponectin was 0.93 ± 0.10 (P = 2.4 x 10^–40). Adiponectin differed by age (P = 0.001), sex (P = 0.04), and weight (P = 0.001) status. Adiponectin levels declined with age, in association with changes in sex hormones and growth factors. Adiponectin was not associated with macronutrient intake, fitness, 24-h energy expenditure, or fat oxidation. Controlling for age, sex, and percent fat mass, adiponectin was inversely associated with homeostasis model of insulin resistance, triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.001). Significant positive genetic correlations were detected between adiponectin and total cholesterol (_G = 0.19), HDL-C (_G = 0.32), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (_G = 0.24), and IGF-binding protein-1 (_G = 0.39), and negative genetic correlations were detected between adiponectin and leptin (_G = –0.30), TG (_G = –0.21), TG/HDL-C (_G = –0.33), and IGF-binding protein-3 (_G = –0.32), indicating shared genetic components in their expression.

Conclusion: The high heritability of adiponectin and pleiotropy seen between adiponectin and leptin, growth factors, and lipids may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in overweight Hispanic children.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. Wardaningsih, T. Miida, U. Seino, Y. Fueki, M. Ito, K. Nagasaki, T. Kikuchi, M. Uchiyama, S. Hirayama, O. Hanyu, et al. Low adiponectin state is associated with metabolic abnormalities in obese children, particularly depending on apolipoprotein E phenotype Ann Clin Biochem, September 1, 2008; 45(5): 496 - 503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Sir-Petermann, M. Maliqueo, E. Codner, B. Echiburu, N. Crisosto, V. Perez, F. Perez-Bravo, and F. Cassorla Early Metabolic Derangements in Daughters of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2007; 92(12): 4637 - 4642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Kadowaki, M. Waguri, I. Nakanishi, Y. Miyashita, M. Nakayama, N. Suehara, T. Funahashi, I. Shimomura, and T. Fujita Adiponectin Concentration in Umbilical Cord Serum Is Positively Associated with the Weight Ratio of Fetus to Placenta J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2006; 91(12): 5090 - 5094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Winer, T. L. Zern, S. E. Taksali, J. Dziura, A. M. G. Cali, M. Wollschlager, A. A. Seyal, R. Weiss, T. S. Burgert, and S. Caprio Adiponectin in Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Its Association with Inflammatory Markers and Components of the Metabolic Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2006; 91(11): 4415 - 4423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]