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Adiposity in Relation to Vitamin D Status and Parathyroid Hormone Levels: A Population-Based Study in Older Men and Women

Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije University (M.B.S., R.M.v.D., M.V., J.C.S.), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine (M.B.S., R.M.v.D., M.V., D.J.H.D., J.M.D., L.M.B., J.C.S., P.L.) and Department of Endocrinology (P.L.), Vrije University Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Marieke Snijder, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: marieke.snijder{at}falw.vu.nl.

Objective: In small case-control studies, obesity was associated with worse vitamin D status. Our aim was to assess the association of adiposity (anthropometric measures as well as dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and serum PTH levels in a large population-based study including older men and women.

Methods: Subjects were participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam and were aged 65 yr and older. In 453 participants, serum 25-OH-D and PTH were determined, and body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, sum of skin folds, and total body fat percentage by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry were measured.

Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, higher body mass index, waist circumference, and sum of skin folds were statistically significantly associated with lower 25-OH-D (standardized ß values were –0.136, –0.137, and –0.140, respectively; all P < 0.05) and with higher PTH (0.166, 0.113, and 0.114, respectively; all P < 0.05). Total body fat percentage was more strongly associated with 25-OH-D and PTH (–0.261 and 0.287, respectively; both P < 0.001) compared with anthropometric measures. Total body fat percentage remained associated with 25-OH-D after adjustment for PTH, and with PTH after adjustment for 25-OH-D.

Conclusion: Precisely measured total body fat is inversely associated with 25-OH-D levels and is positively associated with PTH levels. The associations were weaker if anthropometric measures were used, indicating a specific role of adipose tissue. Regardless of the possible underlying mechanisms, it may be relevant to take adiposity into account when assessing vitamin D requirements.

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