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A Polymorphism Exon 1 Variant at the Locus of the Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I (SCARB1) Gene Is Associated with Differences in Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy People during the Consumption of an Olive Oil-Rich Diet

Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis (P.P.-M., F.P.-J., C.B., J.A.M., C.M., P.G., J.D.-L., F.F., J.-L.M.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; and Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory (J.M.O.), United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111-1524

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Prof. José López-Miranda, Unidad de Lipidos y Arteriosclerosis, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avenida Menéndez Pidal, sin número 14004 Cordoba, Spain. E-mail: jlopezmir{at}uco.es.

Scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1) was described as the first high-density lipoprotein receptor. Increasing evidence indicates that SCARB1 plays additional roles particularly in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our aim was to determine whether the presence of an exon 1 (GA) polymorphism at the SCARB1 gene modifies the insulin sensitivity to dietary fat.

Methods: We studied 59 healthy volunteers (30 men and 29 women, 42 G/G homozygous and 17 G/A heterozygous). Subjects consumed three diets for 4 wk each: a saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich diet (38% fat, 20% SFA), followed by a carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diet (30% fat, 55% CHO) or a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich diet (38% fat, 22% MUFA) after a randomized crossover design. For each diet, we investigated peripheral insulin sensitivity with the insulin suppression test.

Results: Steady-state plasma glucose after the MUFA diet was lower in G/A compared with G/G subjects (P = 0.030). This effect was not observed after CHO and SFA diets (P = 0.177 and 0.957, respectively). Plasma nonesterified free fatty acid values were lower in subjects carrying the A allele for all the diet periods.

Conclusions: Our findings show that carriers of the G/A genotype have significant increases in insulin sensitivity after a MUFA-rich diet compared with G/G individuals.

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