This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 90/3/1511    most recent Author Manuscript (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Giannopoulou, I. Articles by Kanaley, J. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Giannopoulou, I. Articles by Kanaley, J. A. Related Collections Diabetes and Insulin Obesity

Exercise Is Required for Visceral Fat Loss in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Department of Exercise Science (I.G., L.L.P.-S., B.F., S.G., J.A.K.), Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244; Department of Cardiology (R.C.) and Joslin Diabetes Center (R.S.W.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center (R.S.W.), Syracuse, New York 13210

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Jill Kanaley, 820 Comstock Avenue, Room 201, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244. E-mail: jakanale{at}syr.edu.

This study examined the effects of aerobic exercise without weight loss, a hypocaloric high monounsaturated fat diet, and diet plus exercise (D+E) on total abdominal and visceral fat loss in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Thirty-three postmenopausal women (body mass index, 34.6 ± 1.9 kg/m²) were assigned to one of three interventions: a hypocaloric high monounsaturated fat diet alone, exercise alone (EX), and D+E for 14 wk. Aerobic capacity, body composition, abdominal fat distribution (magnetic resonance imaging), glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were measured pre- and postintervention. Body weight (4.5 kg) and percent body fat (5%) were decreased (P < 0.05) with the D and D+E intervention, whereas only percent body fat (2.3%) decreased with EX. Total abdominal fat and sc adipose tissue (SAT) were reduced with the D and D+E interventions (P < 0.05), whereas visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased with the D+E and EX intervention, but not with the D intervention. EX resulted in a reduction in total abdominal fat, VAT, and SAT (P < 0.05) despite the lack of weight loss. The reductions in total abdominal fat and SAT explained 32.7% and 9.7%, respectively, of the variability in the changes in fasting glucose levels, whereas the reductions in VAT explained 15.9% of the changes in fasting insulin levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, modest weight loss, through either D or D+E, resulted in similar improvements in total abdominal fat, SAT, and glycemic status in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes; however, the addition of exercise to diet is necessary for VAT loss. These data demonstrate the importance of exercise in the treatment of women with type 2 diabetes.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				P. M. Janiszewski, T. J. Saunders, and R. Ross Themed Review: Lifestyle Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, April 1, 2008; 2(2): 99 - 108. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Kavookjian, B. M. Elswick, and T. Whetsel Interventions for Being Active Among Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review of the Literature The Diabetes Educator, November 1, 2007; 33(6): 962 - 988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. G. Flynn, B. K. McFarlin, and M. M. Markofski State of the Art Reviews: The Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Exercise Training American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, May 1, 2007; 1(3): 220 - 235. [Abstract] [PDF]

				L. M. Redman, L. K. Heilbronn, C. K. Martin, A. Alfonso, S. R. Smith, E. Ravussin, and for the Pennington CALERIE Team Effect of Calorie Restriction with or without Exercise on Body Composition and Fat Distribution J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2007; 92(3): 865 - 872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. W Demerath, W. Shen, M. Lee, A. C Choh, S. A Czerwinski, R. M Siervogel, and B. Towne Approximation of total visceral adipose tissue with a single magnetic resonance image Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2007; 85(2): 362 - 368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. E Saelens, R. J Seeley, K. van Schaick, L. F Donnelly, and K. J O'Brien Visceral abdominal fat is correlated with whole-body fat and physical activity among 8-y-old children at risk of obesity Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2007; 85(1): 46 - 53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. J. Snowling and W. G. Hopkins Effects of Different Modes of Exercise Training on Glucose Control and Risk Factors for Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, November 1, 2006; 29(11): 2518 - 2527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. E. Larson-Meyer, L. K. Heilbronn, L. M. Redman, B. R. Newcomer, M. I. Frisard, S. Anton, S. R. Smith, A. Alfonso, E. Ravussin, and the Pennington CALERIE Team Effect of Calorie Restriction With or Without Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity, {beta}-Cell Function, Fat Cell Size, and Ectopic Lipid in Overweight Subjects. Diabetes Care, June 1, 2006; 29(6): 1337 - 1344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Fediuc, J. E. Campbell, and M. C. Riddell Effect of voluntary wheel running on circadian corticosterone release and on HPA axis responsiveness to restraint stress in Sprague-Dawley rats J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2006; 100(6): 1867 - 1875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]