This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Paddon-Jones, D. Articles by Ferrando, A. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Paddon-Jones, D. Articles by Ferrando, A. A. Pubmed/NCBI databases Compound via MeSH Substance via MeSH Hazardous Substances DB (L)-PHENYLALANINE Medline Plus Health Information Carbohydrates

Essential Amino Acid and Carbohydrate Supplementation Ameliorates Muscle Protein Loss in Humans during 28 Days Bedrest

Departments of Surgery (D.P.-J., M.S.-M., A.A., R.R.W., A.A.F.), Anesthesiology (A.A., R.R.W.), and Internal Medicine (R.J.U.), University of Texas Medical Branch, and Shriners Hospitals for Children (D.P.-J., M.S.-M., A.P.S., A.A., R.R.W., A.A.F.), Galveston, Texas 77550

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Douglas Paddon-Jones, Metabolism Unit, 815 Market Street, Galveston, Texas 77550. E-mail: djpaddon{at}utmb.edu.

We determined whether essential amino acid and carbohydrate supplementation could offset the catabolic response to prolonged inactivity. Major outcome measures included mixed muscle fractional synthetic rate (FSR), phenylalanine net balance, lean leg mass, and leg extension strength. On d 1 and 28, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and femoral arterio-venous blood samples were obtained during a primed constant infusion of L-[ring-²H₅]phenylalanine. Net balance and FSR were calculated over 16 h, during which the control group (CON) received a nutritionally mixed meal every 5 h (0830, 1330, and 1830 h). The experimental group (EXP) also consumed 16.5 g essential amino acids and 30 g carbohydrate (1100, 1600, and 2100 h). The dietary regimen was maintained during bedrest. FSR was higher in the EXP group on d 1 (EXP, 0.099 ± 0.008%/h; CON: 0.075 ± 0.005%/h) and d 28 (EXP, 0.093 ± 0.006%/h; CON, 0.055 ± 0.007%/h). Lean leg mass was maintained throughout bedrest in the EXP group (+0.2 ± 0.3 kg), but fell in the CON group (–0.4 ± 0.1 kg). Strength loss was more pronounced in the CON group (EXP, –8.8 ± 1.4 kg; CON, –17.8 ± 4.4 kg). Essential amino acid and carbohydrate supplementation may represent a viable intervention for individuals at risk of sarcopenia due to immobility or prolonged bedrest.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. M. Phillips, E. I. Glover, and M. J. Rennie Alterations of protein turnover underlying disuse atrophy in human skeletal muscle J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2009; 107(3): 645 - 654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. B. Symons, M. Sheffield-Moore, D. L. Chinkes, A. A. Ferrando, and D. Paddon-Jones Artificial gravity maintains skeletal muscle protein synthesis during 21 days of simulated microgravity J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2009; 107(1): 34 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Mounier, V. Tiffreau, V. Montel, B. Bastide, and L. Stevens Phenotypical transitions and Ca2+ activation properties in human muscle fibers: effects of a 60-day bed rest and countermeasures J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2009; 106(4): 1086 - 1099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. I. Glover, S. M. Phillips, B. R. Oates, J. E. Tang, M. A. Tarnopolsky, A. Selby, K. Smith, and M. J. Rennie Immobilization induces anabolic resistance in human myofibrillar protein synthesis with low and high dose amino acid infusion J. Physiol., December 15, 2008; 586(24): 6049 - 6061. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Antonione, E. Caliandro, F. Zorat, G. Guarnieri, M. Heer, and G. Biolo Whey Protein Ingestion Enhances Postprandial Anabolism during Short-Term Bed Rest in Young Men J. Nutr., November 1, 2008; 138(11): 2212 - 2216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Kortebein, T. B. Symons, A. Ferrando, D. Paddon-Jones, O. Ronsen, E. Protas, S. Conger, J. Lombeida, R. Wolfe, and W. J. Evans Functional Impact of 10 Days of Bed Rest in Healthy Older Adults J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., October 1, 2008; 63(10): 1076 - 1081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Brooks, G. J. Cloutier, S. M. Cadena, J. E. Layne, C. A. Nelsen, A. M. Freed, R. Roubenoff, and C. Castaneda-Sceppa Resistance training and timed essential amino acids protect against the loss of muscle mass and strength during 28 days of bed rest and energy deficit J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2008; 105(1): 241 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Paddon-Jones, K. R Short, W. W Campbell, E. Volpi, and R. R Wolfe Role of dietary protein in the sarcopenia of aging Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2008; 87(5): 1562S - 1566S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Trappe, A. Creer, K. Minchev, D. Slivka, E. Louis, N. Luden, and T. Trappe Human soleus single muscle fiber function with exercise or nutrition countermeasures during 60 days of bed rest Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2008; 294(3): R939 - R947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Trappe, A. Creer, D. Slivka, K. Minchev, and T. Trappe Single muscle fiber function with concurrent exercise or nutrition countermeasures during 60 days of bed rest in women J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2007; 103(4): 1242 - 1250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Biolo, B. Ciocchi, M. Stulle, A. Bosutti, R. Barazzoni, M. Zanetti, R. Antonione, M. Lebenstedt, P. Platen, M. Heer, et al. Calorie restriction accelerates the catabolism of lean body mass during 2 wk of bed rest Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2007; 86(2): 366 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. H. Fitts, J. G. Romatowski, J. R. Peters, D. Paddon-Jones, R. R. Wolfe, and A. A. Ferrando The deleterious effects of bed rest on human skeletal muscle fibers are exacerbated by hypercortisolemia and ameliorated by dietary supplementation Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): C313 - C320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Kortebein, A. Ferrando, J. Lombeida, R. Wolfe, and W. J. Evans Effect of 10 Days of Bed Rest on Skeletal Muscle in Healthy Older Adults JAMA, April 25, 2007; 297(16): 1772 - 1774. [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. W. Booth and S. J. Lees Fundamental questions about genes, inactivity, and chronic diseases Physiol Genomics, January 17, 2007; 28(2): 146 - 157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Paddon-Jones, M. Sheffield-Moore, M. G. Cree, S. J. Hewlings, A. Aarsland, R. R. Wolfe, and A. A. Ferrando Atrophy and Impaired Muscle Protein Synthesis during Prolonged Inactivity and Stress J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2006; 91(12): 4836 - 4841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. R Wolfe The underappreciated role of muscle in health and disease. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2006; 84(3): 475 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Paddon-Jones Interplay of Stress and Physical Inactivity on Muscle Loss: Nutritional Countermeasures J. Nutr., August 1, 2006; 136(8): 2123 - 2126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Mittendorfer and M. J. Rennie Swings and roundabouts for muscle gain and loss: differences between sexes? J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2006; 100(2): 375 - 376. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. R. Zwart, J. E. Davis-Street, D. Paddon-Jones, A. A. Ferrando, R. R. Wolfe, and S. M. Smith Amino acid supplementation alters bone metabolism during simulated weightlessness J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2005; 99(1): 134 - 140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Paddon-Jones, M. Sheffield-Moore, A. Aarsland, R. R. Wolfe, and A. A. Ferrando Exogenous amino acids stimulate human muscle anabolism without interfering with the response to mixed meal ingestion Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2005; 288(4): E761 - E767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Paddon-Jones, M. Sheffield-Moore, R. J. Urban, A. Aarsland, R. R. Wolfe, and A. A. Ferrando The Catabolic Effects of Prolonged Inactivity and Acute Hypercortisolemia Are Offset by Dietary Supplementation J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1453 - 1459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]