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Adipose Tissue Metabolites and Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Asian Indian Men

Department of Internal Medicine (N.A., M.C., P.G.S., S.M.G.), Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.A., M.C.), and Center for Human Nutrition (N.A., M.C., S.M.G.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Nicola Abate, M.D., Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6011 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9169. E-mail: Nicola.Abate{at}UTSouthwestern.edu.

Obesity-related insulin resistance is associated with changes in adipose tissue release of leptin, adiponectin, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs). We have previously described that persons originating from the Indian subcontinent (Asian Indians) manifest excessive insulin resistance even in the absence of obesity. Therefore, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that nondiabetic, insulin-resistant Asian Indians differ from less insulin-resistant Caucasians of similar age and body composition in adipose tissue production of leptin and adiponectin, and in suppression of plasma NEFA concentrations during hyperinsulinemia. Seventy-nine Asian Indian men were compared with 61 Caucasian men. Higher plasma NEFAs and leptin in Asian Indians (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.003 for NEFAs and leptin, respectively) and lower plasma concentrations of adiponectin (P = 0.009) were not explained by body fat content and distribution. Oral glucose tolerance test studies revealed that Caucasian men had greater suppression of plasma NEFAs than Asian Indian men. We conclude that plasma concentrations of the adipose tissue metabolites leptin and NEFAs are higher and that of adiponectin is lower in insulin-resistant Asian Indians compared with more insulin-sensitive Caucasians. These differences may contribute to the excessive prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in nonobese Asian Indians.

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants K23-RR16075, HL-29252, DK-42582, DK-02700, and MO1-RR-00633 (National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources–Clinical Research.

Abbreviations: AUC, Area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.

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