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*Compound via MeSH
*Substance via MeSH
Medline Plus Health Information
*Carbohydrates
*Diabetes
*Dietary Fats
*Nutrition
*Obesity
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 89, No. 6 2717-2723
Copyright © 2004 by The Endocrine Society

Obesity: Original Article

Comparison of a Low-Fat Diet to a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Weight Loss, Body Composition, and Risk Factors for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Free-Living, Overweight Men and Women

Kelly A. Meckling, Caitriona O’Sullivan and Dayna Saari

Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Kelly A. Meckling, Ph.D., Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada. E-mail: kmecklin{at}uoguleph.ca.

Overweight and obese men and women (24–61 yr of age) were recruited into a randomized trial to compare the effects of a low-fat (LF) vs. a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet on weight loss. Thirty-one subjects completed all 10 wk of the diet intervention (retention, 78%). Subjects on the LF diet consumed an average of 17.8% of energy from fat, compared with their habitual intake of 36.4%, and had a resulting energy restriction of 2540 kJ/d. Subjects on the LC diet consumed an average of 15.4% carbohydrate, compared with habitual intakes of about 50% carbohydrate, and had a resulting energy restriction of 3195 kJ/d. Both groups of subjects had significant weight loss over the 10 wk of diet intervention and nearly identical improvements in body weight and fat mass. LF subjects lost an average of 6.8 kg and had a decrease in body mass index of 2.2 kg/m2, compared with a loss of 7.0 kg and decrease in body mass index of 2.1 kg/m2 in the LC subjects. The LF group better preserved lean body mass when compared with the LC group; however, only the LC group had a significant decrease in circulating insulin concentrations. Group results indicated that the diets were equally effective in reducing systolic blood pressure by about 10 mm Hg and diastolic pressure by 5 mm Hg and decreasing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 bioactivity. Blood ß-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were increased in the LC only, at the 2- and 4-wk time points. These data suggest that energy restriction achieved by a very LC diet is equally effective as a LF diet strategy for weight loss and decreasing body fat in overweight and obese adults.

This work was supported in part by the Natural Sciences Engineering Research Council of Canada.

C.O. and D.S. contributed equally to this study.

Abbreviations: BIA, Bioelectrical impedance analysis; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LC, low-carbohydrate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LF, low-fat; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.




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