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Adiponutrin: A New Gene Regulated by Energy Balance in Human Adipose Tissue

Equipe d’Accueil 3502 and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) "Avenir" and Department de Nutrition (Y.-M.L., A.B., K.C.), Paris VI University, 75004 Paris, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche 7079 (M.M., J.P.), Department de Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers, Paris VI University, 75270 Paris, France; Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie (J.-P.B.), Hôpital Tenon, 75970 Paris, France; Service d’Endocrinologie-Métabolisme (E.B.) and Service de Biochimie (B.H.), La Pitié Salpétrière, 75013 Paris, France; and Unité de Recherches sur les Obésités (N.V., D.L.), INSERM, Institut Louis Bugnard, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31403 Toulouse, France

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Karine Clément, M.D., Ph.D., Service de Nutrition, Hôtel-Dieu, Place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France. E-mail: karine.clement{at}htd.ap-hop-paris.fr.

Adiponutrin is a newly identified nonsecreted adipocyte protein regulated by changes in energy balance in rodents. We documented the influence of energy balance modification on adiponutrin gene expression in humans. We investigated the mRNA expression in sc adipose tissue of nonobese women and in obese women during 2-d very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and subsequent refeeding as well as before and after a VLCD of 3 wk (21-d VLCD). The adiponutrin mRNA levels of the nonobese and obese women were not different (P > 0.05). Two-day VLCD reduced the average level of adiponutrin mRNA expression by 36% (P = 0.0016), whereas refeeding elevated the mRNA level by 31% (P = 0.004). The 3-wk VLCD caused a dramatic 58% fall of the adiponutrin mRNA expression level (P = 0.001). The mRNA level was negatively correlated with fasting glucose (Rho = –0.62; P < 0.0001), and subjects with high adiponutrin mRNA level had an increased insulin sensitivity. Compared with other adipocyte proteins such as leptin and adiponectin, adiponutrin mRNA did not show correlation with either adiposity indexes or with leptin or adiponectin mRNAs. These results indicate that adiponutrin gene expression in humans is highly regulated by changes in energy balance.

This work was supported by the Direction de la Recherche Clinique/Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, the "Programe Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique" (UA 5451 and Contrat de Recherche Clinique No. 97123); the French Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (2001/2002) and the Claude Bernard Association (2002/2003) (both to Y.-M.L.); the Association pour la Recherche contre le Cancer (to M.M.); and the Association Française d’Etude et de Recherche sur l’Obésité (AFERO)-Roche grant (to K.C.). Funding for the EA 3502 team was provided by Servier Research Institute (IRIS), Benjamin Delessert Institute, and funding for the Unité Mixte de Recherche 7079 was provided by the AFERO-Roche grant.

Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; CV, coefficient of variation; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; RMR, resting metabolic rate; VLCD, very low calorie diet.

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