This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Wynne, K. Articles by Bloom, S. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Wynne, K. Articles by Bloom, S.

The Gut and Regulation of Body Weight

Endocrine Unit, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Professor S. R. Bloom, Endocrine Unit, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom. E-mail: s.bloom{at}imperial.ac.uk.

Signals generated by the gastrointestinal tract are able to regulate appetite and influence body weight. Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide produced by the stomach. Satiety signals derived from the intestine and pancreas include peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, oxyntomodulin, and cholecystokinin. Signals from the gut and adipose tissue are integrated in the central nervous system to provide energy homeostasis. Knowledge of the body’s control of appetite is important because we strive to combat obesity in man.

This work was supported by the Welcome Trust (to K.W.) and Medical Research Council (to S.S.).

Abbreviations: AgRP, Agouti-related peptide; AP, area postrema; BBB, blood-brain barrier; CCK, cholecystokinin; CNS, central nervous system; DPPIV, dipeptidyl peptidase IV; GHS-R, GH secretagogue receptor; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; GLP-1R, GLP-1 receptor; NPY, neuropeptide Y; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; OXM, oxyntomodulin; POMC, proopiomelanocortin; PP, pancreatic polypeptide; PYY, peptide YY.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				V. E F Crowley Overview of human obesity and central mechanisms regulating energy homeostasis Ann Clin Biochem, May 1, 2008; 45(3): 245 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. R. Smith, J. E. Blundell, C. Burns, C. Ellero, B. E. Schroeder, N. C. Kesty, K. S. Chen, A. E. Halseth, C. W. Lush, and C. Weyer Pramlintide treatment reduces 24-h caloric intake and meal sizes and improves control of eating in obese subjects: a 6-wk translational research study Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2007; 293(2): E620 - E627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Sloth, L. Davidsen, J. J. Holst, A. Flint, and A. Astrup Effect of subcutaneous injections of PYY1-36 and PYY3-36 on appetite, ad libitum energy intake, and plasma free fatty acid concentration in obese males Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2007; 293(2): E604 - E609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Sloth, J. J. Holst, A. Flint, N. T. Gregersen, and A. Astrup Effects of PYY1-36 and PYY3-36 on appetite, energy intake, energy expenditure, glucose and fat metabolism in obese and lean subjects Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2007; 292(4): E1062 - E1068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A Greenberg, C. N Boozer, and A. Geliebter Coffee, diabetes, and weight control. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2006; 84(4): 682 - 693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Kreier, Y. S. Kap, T. C. Mettenleiter, C. van Heijningen, J. van der Vliet, A. Kalsbeek, H. P. Sauerwein, E. Fliers, J. A. Romijn, and R. M. Buijs Tracing from Fat Tissue, Liver, and Pancreas: A Neuroanatomical Framework for the Role of the Brain in Type 2 Diabetes Endocrinology, March 1, 2006; 147(3): 1140 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. L. Roth, P. J. Enriori, K. Harz, J. Woelfle, M. A. Cowley, and T. Reinehr Peptide YY Is a Regulator of Energy Homeostasis in Obese Children before and after Weight Loss J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2005; 90(12): 6386 - 6391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. I. G. Holt Obesity - an epidemic of the twenty-first century: an update for psychiatrists J Psychopharmacol, November 1, 2005; 19(6_suppl): 6 - 15. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Suematsu, A. Katsuki, Y. Sumida, E. C Gabazza, S. Murashima, K. Matsumoto, N. Kitagawa, H. Akatsuka, Y. Hori, K. Nakatani, et al. Decreased circulating levels of active ghrelin are associated with increased oxidative stress in obese subjects Eur. J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2005; 153(3): 403 - 407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. G. Cammisotto, C. Renaud, D. Gingras, E. Delvin, E. Levy, and M. Bendayan Endocrine and Exocrine Secretion of Leptin by the Gastric Mucosa J. Histochem. Cytochem., July 1, 2005; 53(7): 851 - 860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Kojima and K. Kangawa Ghrelin: Structure and Function Physiol Rev, April 1, 2005; 85(2): 495 - 522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Locatelli and A. Torsello Pyruvate and Satiety: Can We Fool the Brain? Endocrinology, January 1, 2005; 146(1): 1 - 2. [Full Text] [PDF]