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Adiponectin: A Novel Adipokine Linking Adipocytes and Vascular Function

Dorrance H. Hamilton Research Laboratories, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (B.J.G.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology (R.S.), Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Barry J. Goldstein, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jefferson Medical College, Suite 349, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107. E-mail: barry.goldstein{at}jefferson.edu.

Cardiovascular disease accounts for an overwhelming proportion of the morbidity and mortality suffered by patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and recent work has elucidated several potential mechanisms by which increased adiposity enhances cardiovascular risk. Excess adipose tissue, especially in certain compartments, leads to reduced insulin sensitivity in metabolically responsive tissues, which is frequently associated with a set of cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance. Increasing attention has also been paid to the direct vascular effects of plasma proteins that originate from adipose tissue, especially adiponectin, which exhibits potent antiinflammatory and antiatherosclerotic effects. This brief review will summarize recent work on the vascular actions of adiponectin, which complements the growing body of information on its insulin-sensitizing effects in glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin is now a recognized component of a novel signaling network among adipocytes, insulin-sensitive tissues, and vascular function that has important consequences for cardiovascular risk.

This work was supported by a grant from the American Diabetes Association.

Abbreviations: eNOS, Endothelial NO synthase; fAd, full-length adiponectin; gAd, globular C-terminal domain of adiponectin; NO, nitric oxide; oxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein; PDGF-BB, platelet-derived growth factor-BB; ROS, reactive oxygen species; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.

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