This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Palacios, C. Articles by Weaver, C. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Palacios, C. Articles by Weaver, C. M.

Sodium Retention in Black and White Female Adolescents in Response to Salt Intake

Departments of Foods and Nutrition and Department of Statistics (C.P., K.W., B.R.M., L.J., G.M., C.M.W.), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; and Indiana University School of Medicine (J.H.P., M.P.), Indianapolis, Indiana 46223

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Connie M. Weaver, Ph.D., Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, 1264 Stone Hall, 700 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2059. E-mail: weavercm{at}cfs.purdue.edu.

Increased sodium (Na⁺) retention in blacks could be related to the high prevalence of hypertension in adult blacks. Na⁺ retention in response to controlled dietary Na⁺ has not been rigorously compared in the different race groups. The present study assessed Na⁺ retention in 22 black and 14 white girls, 11–15 yr old, during 3 wk on a low (1.3 g, 57 mmol)- and during 3 wk on a high (4 g, 172 mmol)-Na⁺ diet in a randomized order, crossover design. Subjects were matched by postmenarcheal age and weight. After a 1-wk equilibration period, the mean daily Na⁺ retention was 357 ± 69 mg (15.5 ± 3.0 mmol) in blacks and 239 ± 37 mg (10.4 ± 1.6 mmol) in whites on the low-Na⁺ diet and 991 ± 138 mg (43.1 ± 6.0 mmol) in blacks vs. 334 ± 90 mg (14.5 ± 3.9 mmol) in whites (P < 0.001) on the high-Na⁺ diet. The greater Na⁺ retention in blacks was not accompanied by an increase in fecal or sweat Na⁺ excretion. Blood pressure and weight did not increase despite the Na⁺ retention, and thus, the retained Na⁺ appeared to reside in a nonextracellular compartment that we speculate to be bone. In summary, black girls showed greater Na⁺ retention compared with white girls. The difference in Na⁺ handling may contribute to underlying racial differences in susceptibility to hypertension.

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants HD 36609 (to C.M.W.), R01-HL-35795 and RO1-HL67360 (to J.H.P.), and M01-RR00750.

Abbreviations: DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; ECF, extracellular fluid; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PRA, plasma renin activity.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Braun, C. Palacios, K. Wigertz, L. A Jackman, R. J Bryant, L. D McCabe, B. R Martin, G. P McCabe, M. Peacock, and C. M Weaver Racial differences in skeletal calcium retention in adolescent girls with varied controlled calcium intakes Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2007; 85(6): 1657 - 1663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Schafflhuber, N. Volpi, A. Dahlmann, K. F. Hilgers, F. Maccari, P. Dietsch, H. Wagner, F. C. Luft, K.-U. Eckardt, and J. Titze Mobilization of osmotically inactive Na+ by growth and by dietary salt restriction in rats Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): F1490 - F1500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. J. He and G. A. MacGregor Importance of Salt in Determining Blood Pressure in Children: Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials Hypertension, November 1, 2006; 48(5): 861 - 869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Titze, F. C. Luft, K. Bauer, P. Dietsch, R. Lang, R. Veelken, H. Wagner, K.-U. Eckardt, and K. F. Hilgers Extrarenal Na+ Balance, Volume, and Blood Pressure Homeostasis in Intact and Ovariectomized Deoxycorticosterone-Acetate Salt Rats Hypertension, June 1, 2006; 47(6): 1101 - 1107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. D.C., L. D.F., W. J., H. D., Y. X, T. J., B. K., S. M., D. P., L. R., et al. Accessory Renal Arteries--Mostly, But Not Always, Innocuous: Renin-Dependent Hypertension Caused by Nonfocal Stenotic Aberrant Renal Arteries--Proof of a New Syndrome. Hypertension 46: 380-385, 2005 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2006; 17(1): 3 - 11. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Titze, K. Bauer, M. Schafflhuber, P. Dietsch, R. Lang, K. H. Schwind, F. C. Luft, K.-U. Eckardt, and K. F. Hilgers Internal sodium balance in DOCA-salt rats: a body composition study Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2005; 289(4): F793 - F802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]