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Adipose Tissue Adiponectin Production and Adiponectin Serum Concentration in Human Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Johan Hoffstedt, Department of Medicine, M61, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: johan.hoffstedt{at}medhs.ki.se.

The role of adiponectin production for the circulating protein concentration in human obesity and insulin resistance is unclear. We measured serum concentration and sc adipose tissue secretion rate of adiponectin in 77 obese and 23 nonobese women with a varying degree of insulin sensitivity. The serum adiponectin concentration was similar in both groups. In obesity, adiponectin adipose tissue secretion rate per weight unit was reduced by 30% (P = 0.01), whereas total body fat secretion rate was increased by 100% (P < 0.0001). In the group being most insulin resistant (1/3), serum concentration (P < 0.001) and adipose tissue secretion rate per tissue weight (P < 0.05) were reduced, whereas total body fat secretion rate was increased (P < 0.01), by about 30%. The adipose tissue secretion rate of adiponectin was related to the serum concentration (P = 0.005) but explained only about 10% of the interindividual variation in circulating adiponectin and insulin sensitivity. The plasma adiponectin half life was long, 2.5 h. In conclusion, the role of protein secretion for the circulating concentration of adiponectin and insulin sensitivity under these conditions is minor because adiponectin turnover rate is slow. Although increased in obesity and insulin resistance, total body production of adiponectin is insufficient to raise the circulating concentration, may be due to reduced secretion rate per tissue unit.

This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Diabetes Foundation, the Swedish Heart and Lung Association, the Novo Nordic Foundation, the Swedish Medical Society, and the Foundations of Thuring, Bergwall and Wiberg.

Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; H, high insulin sensitivity subgroup; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; I, intermediate insulin sensitivity subgroup; L, low insulin sensitivity subgroup.

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