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Hypoadiponectinemia Is Associated with Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation

Department of Medicine (K.C.B.T., A.X., W.S.C., M.C.W.L., K.S.L.L.), University of Hong Kong; and Department of Diagnostic Radiology (V.H.G.A.) and Clinical Biochemistry Unit (S.C.F.T.), Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Kathryn Tan, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 120 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong. E-mail: kcbtan{at}hkucc.hku.hk.

Adiponectin may have an antiatherogenic effect by reducing endothelial activation. We hypothesized that plasma adiponectin levels were correlated with endothelial function.

Plasma adiponectin level was determined by an in-house RIA assay using a rabbit polyclonal antibody in 73 type 2 diabetic patients and 73 controls. Endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation of the brachial artery was measured by high-resolution vascular ultrasound. Plasma adiponectin level was lower in diabetic patients than in controls (4.73 ± 1.96 vs. 7.69 ± 2.80 µg/ml, respectively; P < 0.001), and they also had impaired endothelium-dependent (5.6 ± 3.6 vs. 8.6 ± 4.5%, respectively; P < 0.001) and -independent vasodilation (13.3 ± 4.9 vs. 16.5 ± 5.6%, respectively; P < 0.001). Plasma adiponectin correlated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation in controls (P = 0.02) and diabetic patients (P = 0.04). On general linear-model univariate analysis, brachial artery diameter, the presence of diabetes, plasma adiponectin, and high-density lipoprotein were significant independent determinants of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In vitro experiments showed that endothelial cells expressed adiponectin receptors, and adiponectin increased nitric oxide production in human aortic endothelial cells.

In conclusion, low plasma adiponectin level is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and the association is independent of diabetes mellitus. Adiponectin may act as a link between adipose tissue and the vasculature.

This work was supported in part by the Sun Chieh Yeh Heart Foundation.

Abbreviations: adipR, Adiponectin receptors; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IMT, intima-media thickness; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NO, nitric oxide; TG, triglyceride.

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