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Adiponectin Gene Expression and Plasma Values in Obese Women during Very-Low-Calorie Diet. Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Insulin Resistance

Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity (M.G., N.V., S.P., E.K., D.L., V.S.), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (Institut National de la Santé et d la Recherche Médicale U586) and 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Unité de Recherches sur les Obésités Institut National de la Santé et d la Recherche Médicale U586 (M.G., N.V., D.L.), Institut Louis Bugnard, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31403 Toulouse, France; Department of Sports Medicine and Obesity Unit (S.P., E.K., V.S.), 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Praha 10, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology (M.G.), University of Murcia, Murcia 30 002 Spain; and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale "Avenir" 3502 and Paris VI University (K.C.), Department of Nutrition, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dominique Langin, Unité de Recherches sur les Obésités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U586, Bâtiment L3, CHU Rangueil, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. E-mail: langin{at}toulouse.inserm.fr.

Adiponectin, a newly discovered adipose-tissue-specific protein, is thought to be involved in the regulation of insulin action. The aim of the present study was to determine whether adiponectin contributes to the improvement in insulin sensitivity during very-low-calorie diet (VLCD). Biopsies of sc abdominal adipose tissue and blood sampling for analysis of plasma adiponectin and related hormones and metabolites were performed before and at the end of a 4-wk VLCD in 33 nonmorbidly obese women (body mass index, 34.4 ± 4.1 kg/m²). VLCD produced a decrease in weight (7.1 ± 0.4 kg) and in insulin and leptin levels and led to an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Adiponectin gene expression and plasma levels were not modified during calorie restriction. Before VLCD, we found negative correlations between plasma adiponectin and variables related to the metabolic syndrome. Adiponectin mRNA levels showed a negative correlation with lipoprotein a plasma values. The correlations observed before VLCD were not found after VLCD. The data suggest that adiponectin is related to the protection against the metabolic syndrome but is not involved in the regulation of VLCD-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity.

This work was supported by Grants from the Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health (Czech Republic) IGA 4674-3/1998 and IGA 6836-3, by Research Program VZ-1 of the 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague (MSMT 1112200001), by the French Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Barrande program), and by the Institut National de la Santé et d la Recherche Médicale ATC-nutrition Grant no. 4NU10G.

Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; Lp(a), lipoprotein a; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid; oGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; SCAAT, sc abdominal adipose tissue; VLCD, very-low-calorie diet.

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