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Gene in Human Bone and Adipose Tissue
Institutes of Endocrine Sciences (G.M., S.B., C.P., A.G.L., E.F., M.F., P.B.-P., A.S.) and Neurological Sciences (M.L.), University of Milan, Ospedale Maggiore Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 20122 Milan, Italy
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Anna Spada, M.D., Istituto di Scienze Endocrine, Università di Milano, Padiglione Granelli, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy. E-mail: anna.spada{at}unimi.it.
Mutations of the Gs
gene inherited from the mother lead to pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) type Ia (PHP Ia), in which Albright’s hereditary osteodistrophy is associated to resistance to the action of different hormones, whereas the same mutations inherited from the father lead to isolated Albright’s hereditary osteodistrophy [pseudo-PHP (PPHP)]. Accordingly, it has been suggested that Gs is under tissue-specific imprinting control, and recent studies provided evidence for a predominant maternal origin of Gs transcripts in different endocrine organs involved in the PHP Ia phenotype. To establish whether Gs is imprinted also in tissues that are site of alteration both in PHP Ia and PPHP, we selected 20 bone and 10 adipose tissue samples, which were heterozygous for a known polymorphism in exon 5. Expression from both parental alleles was evaluated by RT-PCR and enzymatic digestion of the resulting fragments. By this approach, the great majority of the samples analyzed showed an equal expression of the two alleles. Our results provide evidence for the absence of Gs imprinting in human bone and fat and suggest that the clinical finding of osteodystrophy and obesity in PHP Ia and PPHP patients despite the presence of a normal Gs allele is likely due to Gs haploinsufficiency in these tissues.
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