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Interleukin-6 Regulates Human Adipose Tissue Lipid Metabolism and Leptin Production in Vitro

Department of Nutritional Sciences (M.E.T., S.S., I.H., S.K.F.), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; Division of Endocrinology (S.H.S.), University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901; Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (A.S.G.), Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111; and Division of Gerontology (S.K.F.), Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore Maryland 21201

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Susan K. Fried, Ph.D., Division of Gerontology/GRECC, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore VA Medical Center, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. E-mail: sfried{at}grecc.umaryland.edu.

Adipose tissue IL-6 expression is increased in obesity and is a strong predictor of abnormalities in adipocyte and systemic metabolism. We used adipose tissue organ culture to test the direct effects of IL-6 on leptin expression, lipolysis, and lipoprotein lipase activity. To assess possible interactions with the hormonal milieu, IL-6 effects were tested in the presence or absence of insulin and/or glucocorticoid [dexamethasone (dex)]. Because omental (Om) and abdominal sc depots differ in IL-6 expression, their responses to exogenous IL-6 were compared. Although IL-6 had no significant effects under basal conditions, culture with the combination of IL-6 and dex, compared with dex alone, for 2 d increased leptin in both depots [+95 ± 30% (sc) and +67 ± 19% (Om), P < 0.01]; IL-6 did not affect leptin production when added in the presence of insulin. Culture with IL-6 in the absence of hormones moderately increased lipolysis during culture in both sc and Om [+79 ± 23% (sc) and +26 ± 9% (Om), each P < 0.01]. IL-6 markedly reduced the high levels of lipoprotein lipase activity in tissue cultured with insulin plus dex. We conclude that high local concentrations of IL-6 can modulate leptin production and lipid metabolism in human adipose tissue.

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