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Long-Term Adiposity Changes Are Related to a Glucocorticoid Receptor Polymorphism in Young Females

Division of Kinesiology (A.T., L.B., V.D., L.P.), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4; Pennington Biomedical Research Center (C.B.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; and Laval Hospital Research Center (J.-P.D.), Québec Heart Institute, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G5

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Angelo Tremblay, M.D., Division of Kinesiology, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4. E-mail: angelo.tremblay{at}kin.msp.ulaval.ca.

Male and female preadolescents and adolescents who participated in phase 1 of the Québec Family Study, and who were retested about 12 yr later, were recruited and subdivided on the basis of a genetic variant within the intron 2 of the glucocorticoid receptor (GRL IVS2-BclI). The increase in sc adiposity over the 12-yr follow-up period in the 4.5/2.3 genotype female subgroup was more than twice that observed in the 4.5/4.5 and the 2.3/2.3 genotype subgroups (P < 0.01). The statistical significance of this difference was essentially unchanged after adjusting for changes, over time, in percent dietary energy as fat, alcohol consumption, and participation in vigorous physical activity. In male subjects, the same trend was found, but it did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, this study suggests that a significant interaction effect exists between variation in the glucocorticoid receptor gene and body fat gain in female subjects experiencing the transition between adolescence and adulthood. Further research will, however, be necessary to characterize the lifestyle factors promoting fat accumulation, over time, among genetically susceptible individuals.

This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada (Canadian Institutes of Health Research). C.B. is funded in part by the George A. Bray Chair in Nutrition. A.T. is funded in part by the Canada Research Chair in Physical Activity, Nutrition and Energy Balance.

Abbreviations: QFS, Québec Family Study; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; SSPE, sonicated salmon sperm.

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